@article {pmid38738283,
year = {2024},
author = {Xue, R and Li, X and Deng, W and Liang, C and Chen, M and Chen, J and Liang, S and Wei, W and Zhang, Y and Yu, H and Xu, Y and Guo, W and Li, T},
title = {Shared and distinct electroencephalogram microstate abnormalities across schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression.},
journal = {Psychological medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/S0033291724001132},
pmid = {38738283},
issn = {1469-8978},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microstates of an electroencephalogram (EEG) are canonical voltage topographies that remain quasi-stable for 90 ms, serving as the foundational elements of brain dynamics. Different changes in EEG microstates can be observed in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). However, the similarities and disparatenesses in whole-brain dynamics on a subsecond timescale among individuals diagnosed with SCZ, BD, and MDD are unclear.

METHODS: This study included 1112 participants (380 individuals diagnosed with SCZ, 330 with BD, 212 with MDD, and 190 demographically matched healthy controls [HCs]). We assembled resting-state EEG data and completed a microstate analysis of all participants using a cross-sectional design.

RESULTS: Our research indicates that SCZ, BD, and MDD exhibit distinct patterns of transition among the four EEG microstate states (A, B, C, and D). The analysis of transition probabilities showed a higher frequency of switching from microstates A to B and from B to A in each patient group compared to the HC group, and less frequent transitions from microstates A to C and from C to A in the SCZ and MDD groups compared to the HC group. And the probability of the microstate switching from C to D and D to C in the SCZ group significantly increased compared to those in the patient and HC groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide crucial insights into the abnormalities involved in distributing neural assets and enabling proper transitions between different microstates in patients with major psychiatric disorders.},
}

@article {pmid38738213,
year = {2023},
author = {Fan, C and Hahn, N and Kamdar, F and Avansino, D and Wilson, GH and Hochberg, L and Shenoy, KV and Henderson, JM and Willett, FR},
title = {Plug-and-Play Stability for Intracortical Brain-Computer Interfaces: A One-Year Demonstration of Seamless Brain-to-Text Communication.},
journal = {Advances in neural information processing systems},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {42258-42270},
pmid = {38738213},
issn = {1049-5258},
support = {R01 DC014034/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; R01 EB028171/EB/NIBIB NIH HHS/United States ; U01 DC017844/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) have shown promise for restoring rapid communication to people with neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, to maintain high performance over time, iBCIs typically need frequent recalibration to combat changes in the neural recordings that accrue over days. This requires iBCI users to stop using the iBCI and engage in supervised data collection, making the iBCI system hard to use. In this paper, we propose a method that enables self-recalibration of communication iBCIs without interrupting the user. Our method leverages large language models (LMs) to automatically correct errors in iBCI outputs. The self-recalibration process uses these corrected outputs ("pseudo-labels") to continually update the iBCI decoder online. Over a period of more than one year (403 days), we evaluated our Continual Online Recalibration with Pseudo-labels (CORP) framework with one clinical trial participant. CORP achieved a stable decoding accuracy of 93.84% in an online handwriting iBCI task, significantly outperforming other baseline methods. Notably, this is the longest-running iBCI stability demonstration involving a human participant. Our results provide the first evidence for long-term stabilization of a plug-and-play, high-performance communication iBCI, addressing a major barrier for the clinical translation of iBCIs.},
}

@article {pmid38736974,
year = {2024},
author = {Poo, MM},
title = {China's new ethical guidelines for the use of brain-computer interfaces.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {nwae154},
doi = {10.1093/nsr/nwae154},
pmid = {38736974},
issn = {2053-714X},
}

@article {pmid38732846,
year = {2024},
author = {Kawaguchi, T and Ono, K and Hikawa, H},
title = {Electroencephalogram-Based Facial Gesture Recognition Using Self-Organizing Map.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {24},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {38732846},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {JP20K11999//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Electroencephalography/methods ; *Gestures ; *Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Face/physiology ; Algorithms ; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Brain/physiology ; Male ; },
abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow information to be transmitted directly from the human brain to a computer, enhancing the ability of human brain activity to interact with the environment. In particular, BCI-based control systems are highly desirable because they can control equipment used by people with disabilities, such as wheelchairs and prosthetic legs. BCIs make use of electroencephalograms (EEGs) to decode the human brain's status. This paper presents an EEG-based facial gesture recognition method based on a self-organizing map (SOM). The proposed facial gesture recognition uses α, β, and θ power bands of the EEG signals as the features of the gesture. The SOM-Hebb classifier is utilized to classify the feature vectors. We utilized the proposed method to develop an online facial gesture recognition system. The facial gestures were defined by combining facial movements that are easy to detect in EEG signals. The recognition accuracy of the system was examined through experiments. The recognition accuracy of the system ranged from 76.90% to 97.57% depending on the number of gestures recognized. The lowest accuracy (76.90%) occurred when recognizing seven gestures, though this is still quite accurate when compared to other EEG-based recognition systems. The implemented online recognition system was developed using MATLAB, and the system took 5.7 s to complete the recognition flow.},
}

Humans
*Electroencephalography/methods
*Gestures
*Brain-Computer Interfaces
Face/physiology
Algorithms
Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods
Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Brain/physiology
Male

@article {pmid38729914,
year = {2024},
author = {Kelly, AR and Glover, DJ},
title = {Information Transmission through Biotic-Abiotic Interfaces to Restore or Enhance Human Function.},
journal = {ACS applied bio materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsabm.4c00435},
pmid = {38729914},
issn = {2576-6422},
abstract = {Advancements in reliable information transfer across biotic-abiotic interfaces have enabled the restoration of lost human function. For example, communication between neuronal cells and electrical devices restores the ability to walk to a tetraplegic patient and vision to patients blinded by retinal disease. These impactful medical achievements are aided by tailored biotic-abiotic interfaces that maximize information transfer fidelity by considering the physical properties of the underlying biological and synthetic components. This Review develops a modular framework to define and describe the engineering of biotic and abiotic components as well as the design of interfaces to facilitate biotic-abiotic information transfer using light or electricity. Delineating the properties of the biotic, interface, and abiotic components that enable communication can serve as a guide for future research in this highly interdisciplinary field. Application of synthetic biology to engineer light-sensitive proteins has facilitated the control of neural signaling and the restoration of rudimentary vision after retinal blindness. Electrophysiological methodologies that use brain-computer interfaces and stimulating implants to bypass spinal column injuries have led to the rehabilitation of limb movement and walking ability. Cellular interfacing methodologies and on-chip learning capability have been made possible by organic transistors that mimic the information processing capacity of neurons. The collaboration of molecular biologists, material scientists, and electrical engineers in the emerging field of biotic-abiotic interfacing will lead to the development of prosthetics capable of responding to thought and experiencing touch sensation via direct integration into the human nervous system. Further interdisciplinary research will improve electrical and optical interfacing technologies for the restoration of vision, offering greater visual acuity and potentially color vision in the near future.},
}

@article {pmid38729262,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wu, ZY},
title = {Chinese patients with adult onset leukodystrophy caused by CST3 variants.},
journal = {Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jgg.2024.05.002},
pmid = {38729262},
issn = {1673-8527},
}

@article {pmid38728121,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, Z and Zhou, Z and Lyu, H},
title = {A Power-and-Area-Efficient Channel-Interleaved Neural Signal Processor for Wireless Brain-Computer Interfaces with Unsupervised Spike Sorting.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3395353},
pmid = {38728121},
issn = {1940-9990},
abstract = {Next generation of wireless brain-computer-interface (BCI) devices require dedicated neural signal processors (NSPs) to extract key neurological information while operating within given power consumption and transmission bandwidth limits. Spike detection and clustering are important signal processing steps in neurological research and clinical applications. Computational-friendly spike detection and feature extraction algorithms are first systematically evaluated in this work. The nonlinear energy operator (NEO) and the first-and-second-derivative (FSDE) together with the 'perturbed' K-mean clustering achieve the highest accuracy performance. An NSP ASIC is implemented in a channel-interleaved architecture and the folding ratio of 16 leads to the minimum power-and-area product. As the result, the NSP consumes 2-μW power consumption and occupies 0.0057 mm2 for each channel in a 65-nm CMOS technology. The proposed system achieves the unsupervised spike classification accuracy of 92% and a data-rate reduction of 98.3%, showing the promise for realizing high-channel-count wireless BCIs.},
}

@article {pmid38727216,
year = {2024},
author = {Alruwaili, R and Alanazi, F and Alrashidi, A and Hazazi, M and Alenezi, M},
title = {Comparative Analysis of Silicone Tube Intubation Versus Probing and Balloon Dilation for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000010273},
pmid = {38727216},
issn = {1536-3732},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a pediatric disorder with a wide range of pathology. If untreated, the condition may end up with serious complications. Multiple treatment options for CNLDO exist throughout the literature, and there is an ongoing debate on the best intervention for each disease subgroup and the best timing of such interventions. This study compares the success and failure rates of silicone tube intubation (STI) against probing and balloon dilation (BD).

METHODS: The authors searched the literature for relevant articles using PubMed, Scopus, web of Science, and Cochrane Library until January 2024. Using RevMan 5.4, the authors compared STI's success and failure rates to probing and BD using risk ratios (RRs) and a random-effect model. In addition, the complication rate of monocanalicular intubation (MCI) versus bicanalicular intubation (BCI) was investigated. The authors used the leave-one-out method to check for influential studies and to resolve heterogeneity.

RESULTS: The screening process resulted in 23 eligible articles for inclusion in the authors' review. Silicone tube intubation had a higher chance of resolving the symptoms of CNLDO than probing (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.20; P = 0.004) while having less risk of surgical failure (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.76; P = 0.002]. Monocanalicular intubation showed no statistically significant difference when compared with BCI in terms of surgical success and failure; however, MCI had a lower risk of complications (RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.97; P = 0.04). In addition, STI did not demonstrate any significant difference from BD.

CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in success/failure between MCI and BCI; monocanalicular had fewer complications. Silicone tube intubation did better in terms of surgical success than probing, especially in children over 12 months, suggesting that it is the preferred intervention for older patients with CNLDO.},
}

@article {pmid38727014,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, C and Jiang, R and Bustillo, J and Kochunov, P and Turner, JA and Liang, C and Fu, Z and Zhang, D and Qi, S and Calhoun, VD},
title = {Cross-cohort replicable resting-state functional connectivity in predicting symptoms and cognition of schizophrenia.},
journal = {Human brain mapping},
volume = {45},
number = {7},
pages = {e26694},
pmid = {38727014},
issn = {1097-0193},
support = {R01MH118695/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; *Connectome/methods ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; Cohort Studies ; *Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; },
abstract = {Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating mental illness characterized by adolescence or early adulthood onset of psychosis, positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive impairments. Despite a plethora of studies leveraging functional connectivity (FC) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to predict symptoms and cognitive impairments of SZ, the findings have exhibited great heterogeneity. We aimed to identify congruous and replicable connectivity patterns capable of predicting positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive impairments in SZ. Predictable functional connections (FCs) were identified by employing an individualized prediction model, whose replicability was further evaluated across three independent cohorts (BSNIP, SZ = 174; COBRE, SZ = 100; FBIRN, SZ = 161). Across cohorts, we observed that altered FCs in frontal-temporal-cingulate-thalamic network were replicable in prediction of positive symptoms, while sensorimotor network was predictive of negative symptoms. Temporal-parahippocampal network was consistently identified to be associated with reduced cognitive function. These replicable 23 FCs effectively distinguished SZ from healthy controls (HC) across three cohorts (82.7%, 90.2%, and 86.1%). Furthermore, models built using these replicable FCs showed comparable accuracies to those built using the whole-brain features in predicting symptoms/cognition of SZ across the three cohorts (r = .17-.33, p < .05). Overall, our findings provide new insights into the neural underpinnings of SZ symptoms/cognition and offer potential targets for further research and possible clinical interventions.},
}

Humans
*Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
*Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
Adult
Female
*Connectome/methods
*Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
Cohort Studies
*Nerve Net/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
Young Adult
Middle Aged

@article {pmid38726180,
year = {2024},
author = {Al-Quraishi, MS and Tan, WH and Elamvazuthi, I and Ooi, CP and Saad, NM and Al-Hiyali, MI and Karim, HA and Azhar Ali, SS},
title = {Cortical signals analysis to recognize intralimb mobility using modified RNN and various EEG quantities.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {e30406},
pmid = {38726180},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are critical in interpreting sensorimotor activities for predicting body movements. However, their efficacy in identifying intralimb movements, such as the dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot, remains suboptimal. This study aims to explore whether various EEG signal quantities can effectively recognize intralimb movements to facilitate the development of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) devices for foot rehabilitation. This research involved twenty-two healthy, right-handed participants. EEG data were collected using 21 electrodes positioned over the motor cortex, while two electromyography (EMG) electrodes recorded the onset of ankle joint movements. The study focused on analyzing slow cortical potential (SCP) and sensorimotor rhythms (SMR) in alpha and beta bands from the EEG. Five key features-fourth-order Autoregressive feature, variance, waveform length, standard deviation, and permutation entropy-were extracted. A modified Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) including Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) algorithms was developed for movement recognition. These were compared against conventional machine learning algorithms, including nonlinear Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k Nearest Neighbourhood (kNN) classifiers. The performance of the proposed models was assessed using two data schemes: within-subject and across-subjects. The findings demonstrated that the GRU and LSTM models significantly outperformed traditional machine learning algorithms in recognizing different EEG signal quantities for intralimb movement. The study indicates that deep learning models, particularly GRU and LSTM, hold superior potential over standard machine learning techniques in identifying intralimb movements using EEG signals. Where the accuracies of LSTM for within and across subjects were 98.87 ± 1.80 % and 87.38 ± 0.86 % respectively. Whereas the accuracy of GRU within and across subjects were 99.18 ± 1.28 % and 86.44 ± 0.69 % respectively. This advancement could significantly benefit the development of BCI devices aimed at foot rehabilitation, suggesting a new avenue for enhancing physical therapy outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid38724769,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Z and Tan, X and Li, X and Yin, L},
title = {Multiclass motor imagery classification with Riemannian geometry and temporal-spectral selection.},
journal = {Medical & biological engineering & computing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38724769},
issn = {1741-0444},
support = {61971374//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 62073280//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Motor imagery (MI) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) decode the users' intentions from electroencephalography (EEG) to achieve information control and interaction between the brain and external devices. In this paper, firstly, we apply Riemannian geometry to the covariance matrix extracted by spatial filtering to obtain robust and distinct features. Then, a multiscale temporal-spectral segmentation scheme is developed to enrich the feature dimensionality. In order to determine the optimal feature configurations, we utilize a linear learning-based temporal window and spectral band (TWSB) selection method to evaluate the feature contributions, which efficiently reduces the redundant features and improves the decoding efficiency without excessive loss of accuracy. Finally, support vector machines are used to predict the classification labels based on the selected MI features. To evaluate the performance of our model, we test it on the publicly available BCI Competition IV dataset 2a and 2b. The results show that the method has an average accuracy of 79.1% and 83.1%, which outperforms other existing methods. Using TWSB feature selection instead of selecting all features improves the accuracy by up to about 6%. Moreover, the TWSB selection method can effectively reduce the computational burden. We believe that the framework reveals more interpretable feature information of motor imagery EEG signals, provides neural responses discriminative with high accuracy, and facilitates the performance of real-time MI-BCI.},
}

@article {pmid38724576,
year = {2024},
author = {Saeedinia, SA and Jahed-Motlagh, MR and Tafakhori, A and Kasabov, NK},
title = {Diagnostic biomarker discovery from brain EEG data using LSTM, reservoir-SNN, and NeuCube methods in a pilot study comparing epilepsy and migraine.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {10667},
pmid = {38724576},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Electroencephalography/methods ; *Epilepsy/diagnosis/physiopathology ; *Biomarkers/analysis ; Pilot Projects ; *Migraine Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology ; *Brain/physiopathology ; *Neural Networks, Computer ; Deep Learning ; Algorithms ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; },
abstract = {The study introduces a new online spike encoding algorithm for spiking neural networks (SNN) and suggests new methods for learning and identifying diagnostic biomarkers using three prominent deep learning neural network models: deep BiLSTM, reservoir SNN, and NeuCube. EEG data from datasets related to epilepsy, migraine, and healthy subjects are employed. Results reveal that BiLSTM hidden neurons capture biological significance, while reservoir SNN activities and NeuCube spiking dynamics identify EEG channels as diagnostic biomarkers. BiLSTM and reservoir SNN achieve 90 and 85% classification accuracy, while NeuCube achieves 97%, all methods pinpointing potential biomarkers like T6, F7, C4, and F8. The research bears implications for refining online EEG classification, analysis, and early brain state diagnosis, enhancing AI models with interpretability and discovery. The proposed techniques hold promise for streamlined brain-computer interfaces and clinical applications, representing a significant advancement in pattern discovery across the three most popular neural network methods for addressing a crucial problem. Further research is planned to study how early can these diagnostic biomarkers predict an onset of brain states.},
}

Humans
*Electroencephalography/methods
*Epilepsy/diagnosis/physiopathology
*Biomarkers/analysis
Pilot Projects
*Migraine Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology
*Brain/physiopathology
*Neural Networks, Computer
Deep Learning
Algorithms
Male
Adult
Female

@article {pmid38723895,
year = {2024},
author = {Aissa, NEHSB and Korichi, A and Lakas, A and Kerrache, CA and Calafate, CT},
title = {Assessing robustness to adversarial attacks in attention-based networks: Case of EEG-based motor imagery classification.},
journal = {SLAS technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100142},
doi = {10.1016/j.slast.2024.100142},
pmid = {38723895},
issn = {2472-6311},
abstract = {The classification of motor imagery (MI) using Electroencephalography (EEG) plays a pivotal role in facilitating communication for individuals with physical limitations through Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems. Recent strides in Attention-Based Networks (ATN) have showcased remarkable performance in EEG signal classification, presenting a promising alternative to conventional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, while CNNs have been extensively analyzed for their resilience against adversarial attacks, the susceptibility of ATNs in comparable scenarios remains largely unexplored. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating the robustness of ATNs in adversarial contexts. We propose a high-performing attention-based deep learning model specifically designed for classifying Motor Imagery (MI) brain signals extracted from EEG data. Subsequently, we conduct a thorough series of experiments to assess various attack strategies targeting ATNs employed in EEG-based BCI tasks. Our analysis utilizes the widely recognized BCI Competition 2a dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of attention mechanisms in BCI endeavors. Despite achieving commendable classification results in terms of accuracy (87.15%) and kappa score (0.8287), our findings reveal the vulnerability of attention-based models to adversarial manipulations (accuracy: 9.07%, kappa score: -0.21), highlighting the imperative for bolstering the robustness of attention architectures for EEG classification tasks.},
}

@article {pmid38538142,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, WH and Karpowicz, BM and Pandarinath, C and Rouse, AG},
title = {Identifying Distinct Neural Features between the Initial and Corrective Phases of Precise Reaching Using AutoLFADS.},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
volume = {44},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1224-23.2024},
pmid = {38538142},
issn = {1529-2401},
mesh = {Animals ; Male ; *Macaca mulatta ; *Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; *Motor Cortex/physiology ; *Neurons/physiology ; Movement/physiology ; Deep Learning ; Action Potentials/physiology ; },
abstract = {Many initial movements require subsequent corrective movements, but how the motor cortex transitions to make corrections and how similar the encoding is to initial movements is unclear. In our study, we explored how the brain's motor cortex signals both initial and corrective movements during a precision reaching task. We recorded a large population of neurons from two male rhesus macaques across multiple sessions to examine the neural firing rates during not only initial movements but also subsequent corrective movements. AutoLFADS, an autoencoder-based deep-learning model, was applied to provide a clearer picture of neurons' activity on individual corrective movements across sessions. Decoding of reach velocity generalized poorly from initial to corrective submovements. Unlike initial movements, it was challenging to predict the velocity of corrective movements using traditional linear methods in a single, global neural space. We identified several locations in the neural space where corrective submovements originated after the initial reaches, signifying firing rates different than the baseline before initial movements. To improve corrective movement decoding, we demonstrate that a state-dependent decoder incorporating the population firing rates at the initiation of correction improved performance, highlighting the diverse neural features of corrective movements. In summary, we show neural differences between initial and corrective submovements and how the neural activity encodes specific combinations of velocity and position. These findings are inconsistent with assumptions that neural correlations with kinematic features are global and independent, emphasizing that traditional methods often fall short in describing these diverse neural processes for online corrective movements.},
}

Animals
Male
*Macaca mulatta
*Psychomotor Performance/physiology
*Motor Cortex/physiology
*Neurons/physiology
Movement/physiology
Deep Learning
Action Potentials/physiology

@article {pmid38723868,
year = {2024},
author = {Lamba, K and Rani, S},
title = {A Novel Approach of Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI) and Grad-CAM Based Explainable Artificial Intelligence: Use Case Scenario for Smart Healthcare.},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110159},
doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110159},
pmid = {38723868},
issn = {1872-678X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In order to push the frontiers of brain-computer interface (BCI) and neuron-electronics, this research presents a novel framework that combines cutting-edge technologies for improved brain-related diagnostics in smart healthcare. This research offers a ground-breaking application of transparent strategies to BCI, promoting openness and confidence in brain-computer interactions and taking inspiration from Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) based Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodology. The landscape of healthcare diagnostics is about to be redefined by the integration of various technologies, especially when it comes to illnesses related to the brain.

NEW METHOD: A novel approach has been proposed in this study comprising of Xception architecture which is trained on imagenet database following transfer learning process for extraction of significant features from magnetic resonance imaging dataset acquired from publicly available distinct sources as an input and linear support vector machine has been used for distinguishing distinct classes.Afterwards, gradient-weighted class activation mapping has been deployed as the foundation for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for generating informative heatmaps, representing spatial localization of features which were focused to achieve model's predictions.

RESULTS: Thus, the proposed model not only provides accurate outcomes but also provides transparency for the predictions generated by the Xception network to diagnose presence of abnormal tissues and avoids overfitting issues. Hyperparameters along with performance-metrics are also obtained while validating the proposed network on unseen brain MRI scans to ensure effectiveness of the proposed network.

The integration of Grad-CAM based explainable artificial intelligence with deep neural network namely Xception offers a significant impact in diagnosing brain tumor disease while highlighting the specific regions of input brain MRI images responsible for making predictions. In this study, the proposed network results in 98.92% accuracy, 98.15% precision, 99.09% sensitivity, 98.18% specificity and 98.91% dice-coefficient while identifying presence of abnormal tissues in the brain. Thus, Xception model trained on distinct dataset following transfer learning process offers remarkable diagnostic accuracy and linear support vector act as a classifier to provide efficient classification among distinct classes. In addition, the deployed explainable artificial intelligence approach helps in revealing the reasoning behind predictions made by deep neural network having black-box nature and provides a clear perspective to assist medical experts in achieving trustworthiness and transparency while diagnosing brain tumor disease in the smart healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid38723406,
year = {2024},
author = {Gong, M and Pan, C and Pan, R and Wang, X and Wang, J and Xu, H and Hu, Y and Wang, J and Jia, K and Chen, Q},
title = {Distinct patterns of monocular advantage for facial emotions in social anxiety.},
journal = {Journal of anxiety disorders},
volume = {104},
number = {},
pages = {102871},
doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102871},
pmid = {38723406},
issn = {1873-7897},
abstract = {Individuals with social anxiety often exhibit atypical processing of facial expressions. Previous research in social anxiety has primarily emphasized cognitive bias associated with face processing and the corresponding abnormalities in cortico-limbic circuitry, yet whether social anxiety influences early perceptual processing of emotional faces remains largely unknown. We used a psychophysical method to investigate the monocular advantage for face perception (i.e., face stimuli are better recognized when presented to the same eye compared to different eyes), an effect that is indicative of early, subcortical processing of face stimuli. We compared the monocular advantage for different emotional expressions (neutral, angry and sad) in three groups (N = 24 per group): individuals clinically diagnosed with social anxiety disorder (SAD), individuals with high social anxiety in subclinical populations (SSA), and a healthy control (HC) group of individuals matched for age and gender. Compared to SSA and HC groups, we found that individuals with SAD exhibited a greater monocular advantage when processing neutral and sad faces. While the magnitudes of monocular advantages were similar across three groups when processing angry faces, individuals with SAD performed better in this condition when the faces were presented to different eye. The former findings suggest that social anxiety leads to an enhanced role of subcortical structures in processing nonthreatening expressions. The latter findings, on the other hand, likely reflect an enhanced cortical processing of threatening expressions in SAD group. These distinct patterns of monocular advantage indicate that social anxiety altered representation of emotional faces at various stages of information processing, starting at an early stage of the visual system.},
}

@article {pmid38722315,
year = {2024},
author = {Bi, J and Gao, Y and Peng, Z and Ma, Y},
title = {Classification of motor imagery using chaotic entropy based on sub-band EEG source localization.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad4914},
pmid = {38722315},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Electroencephalography (EEG) has been widely used in motor imagery (MI) research by virtue of its high temporal resolution and low cost, but its low spatial resolution is still a major criticism. The EEG source localization (ESL) algorithm effectively improves the spatial resolution of the signal by inverting the scalp EEG to extrapolate the cortical source signal, thus enhancing the classification accuracy.

APPROACH: To address the problem of poor spatial resolution of EEG signals, this paper proposed a sub-band source chaotic entropy (SSCE) feature extraction method based on sub-band ESL. Firstly, the preprocessed EEG signals were filtered into 8 sub-bands. Each sub-band signal was source localized respectively to reveal the activation patterns of specific frequency bands of the EEG signals and the activities of specific brain regions in the MI task. Then, Approximate Entropy (ApEn), Fuzzy Entropy (FE) and Permutation Entropy (PE) were extracted from the source signal as features to quantify the complexity and randomness of the signal. Finally, the classification of different MI tasks was achieved using Support Vector Machine (SVM).

MAIN RESULT: The proposed method was validated on two MI public datasets (BCI competition III IVa, BCI competition IV 2a) and the results showed that the classification accuracies were higher than the existing methods.

SIGNIFICANCE: The spatial resolution of the signal was improved by sub-band EEG localization in the paper, which provided a new idea for EEG MI research. .},
}

@article {pmid38721102,
year = {2024},
author = {Parikh, PM and Venniyoor, A},
title = {Neuralink and Brain-Computer Interface-Exciting Times for Artificial Intelligence.},
journal = {South Asian journal of cancer},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {63-65},
pmid = {38721102},
issn = {2278-330X},
abstract = {Purvish Mahendra ParikhBrain-computer interfaces are becoming a tangible reality, capable of significantly aiding patients in real-world scenarios. The recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for clinical human trials of Neuralink marks a monumental stride, comparable to Mr. Armstrong's moonwalk. Numerous other companies are also pioneering innovative solutions in this domain. Presently, over 150,000 patients in the United States possess brain implants. As technology advances, it holds the potential to alleviate various conditions, notably motor paralysis, cerebral palsy, and involuntary movements.},
}

@article {pmid38718901,
year = {2024},
author = {Ajrawi, SA and Rao, R and Sarkar, M},
title = {A Hierarchical Recursive Feature Elimination Algorithm to develop Brain Computer Interface Application of User Behavior for Statistical reasoning and Decision making.},
journal = {Journal of neuroscience methods},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110161},
doi = {10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110161},
pmid = {38718901},
issn = {1872-678X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the aid of a brain computer interface (BCI), users can communicate and receive signals wirelessly or over wired connections to operate smart devices. A BCI classifier's architecture is quite difficult since numerous elements should be combined. These elements are made up of brain signals, which also include high levels of weak sounds that could provide reliable participant recordings of daily activities. We must use computer vision techniques to create a model in order to control those information. The high dimension and volume of signals present the classification classifier with its primary obstacles.

NEW METHOD: Due to this, we extracted and classified the brain activity in this study, and we also presented a novel hierarchical recursive feature elimination method that we refer to as HRFE embracing noisy additions. HRFE makes a variety of categorization suggestions to eliminate bias in classifying BCI systems of different types. We put the HRFE to the test on two BCI signal data sets-specifically, dataset I and BCI contests III-using shallow and deep convolution network classification techniques. Just a grid of assets is used to create electrocorticography (ECoG) signals on the contralateral (right) motor cortex, and these signals are recorded in the BCI contests III database.

RESULTS: Using ECoG signals, we choose the top 20 features that have the biggest effects on distortion and classification selection.

The simulation findings show that HRFE has a significant computer vision enhancement when compared to comparable feature selection methods in the literature, particularly for ECoG signal, which achieves about 93% reliability.},
}

@article {pmid38718788,
year = {2024},
author = {Wimpff, M and Gizzi, L and Zerfowski, J and Yang, B},
title = {EEG motor imagery decoding: A framework for comparative analysis with channel attention mechanisms.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad48b9},
pmid = {38718788},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the application of various channel attention mechanisms within the domain of brain-computer interface (BCI) for motor imagery decoding. Channel attention mechanisms can be seen as a powerful evolution of spatial filters traditionally used for motor imagery decoding. This study systematically compares such mechanisms by integrating them into a lightweight architecture framework to evaluate their impact. Approach We carefully construct a straightforward and lightweight baseline architecture designed to seamlessly integrate different channel attention mechanisms. This approach is contrary to previous works which only investigate one attention mechanism and usually build a very complex, sometimes nested architecture. Our framework allows us to evaluate and compare the impact of different attention mechanisms under the same circumstances. The easy integration of different channel attention mechanisms as well as the low computational complexity enables us to conduct a wide range of experiments on four datasets to thoroughly assess the effectiveness of the baseline model and the attention mechanisms. Results Our experiments demonstrate the strength and generalizability of our architecture framework as well as how channel attention mechanisms can improve the performance while maintaining the small memory footprint and low computational complexity of our baseline architecture. Significance Our architecture emphasizes simplicity, offering easy integration of channel attention mechanisms, while maintaining a high degree of generalizability across datasets, making it a versatile and efficient solution for EEG motor imagery decoding within brain-computer interfaces.},
}

@article {pmid38718785,
year = {2024},
author = {Xiangcun, W and Zhang, J and Wu, X},
title = {A feature enhanced EEG compression model using asymmetric encoding-decoding network.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad48ba},
pmid = {38718785},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Recently, the demand for wearable devices using electroencephalography (EEG) has increased rapidly in many fields. Due to its volume and computation constraints, wearable devices usually compress and transmit EEG to external devices for analysis. However, current EEG compression algorithms are not tailor-made for wearable devices with limited computing and storage. Firstly, the huge amount of parameters makes it difficult to apply in wearable devices; secondly, it's tricky to learn EEG signals' distribution law due to the low signal-to-noise ratio, which leads to excessive reconstruction error and suboptimal compression performance.

APPROACH: Here, a feature enhanced asymmetric encoding-decoding network is proposed. EEG is encoded with a lightweight model, and subsequently decoded with a multi-level feature fusion network by extracting the encoded features deeply and reconstructing the signal through a two-branch structure.

MAIN RESULTS: On public EEG datasets, motor imagery and event-related potentials, experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved the state of the art compression performance. In addition, the neural representation analysis and the classification performance of the reconstructed EEG signals also show that our method tends to retain more task-related information as the compression ratio increases and retains reliable discriminative information after EEG compression.

SIGNIFICANCE: This paper tailors an asymmetric EEG compression method for wearable devices that achieves state-of-the-art compression performance in a lightweight manner, paving the way for the application of EEG-based wearable devices.},
}

@article {pmid38716289,
year = {2023},
author = {Ghorbani, H and AfzalAghai, M and Soltani, S and Mottaghi, M and Tavakkoli, M and Lotfi, A},
title = {Translation, Linguistic Validation, and Cultural Adaptation of the Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) Questionnaire Into the Persian (Farsi) Language and Comparing it With WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire: An Observational Study.},
journal = {Journal of family & reproductive health},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {128-135},
pmid = {38716289},
issn = {1735-8949},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Whether ileal conduit diversion (ICD) or orthotopic neobladder (ONB) urinary diversion provides better quality of life (QoL) is still under debate. The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) is a specific tool for bladder cancer (BCa) patients, providing reliable results in previous studies. A validated Farsi version of the BCI concerning cultural aspects could help Farsi-speaking clinicians gain more reliable feedback on QoL following urinary diversion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on WHO suggestions, we translated the BCI questionnaire into the Persian language. Then, we performed a cross-sectional study on BCa patients who underwent ICD or ONB urinary diversion. We compared their QoL via BCI and WHO questionnaires. Chi-square and independent t-tests were used where appropriate.

RESULTS: The content validity ratio and the content validity indexes were 1 and 0.8-1.0, respectively. Of 57 participants, six patients (10.5%) were women. The ICD was performed for 38 (66.7%) and ONB diversion for 19 (33.3) participants. The mean age of ICD and ONB was 68.71 ± 7.40 and 64.28 ± 8.34 years, respectively (p-value: 0.055). In all sub-domains of BCI, except bowel habits, the mean scores were higher in the ICD group. A significant difference between ICD and ONB groups was found regarding urinary function (p-value<0.001). There was no significant difference between ICD and ONB groups in none of the domains of the WHO questionnaire.

CONCLUSION: The QoL of ICD and ONB patients did not differ significantly. Even ICD may be superior in ritual purification, while the psychological status of ONB patients was better.},
}

@article {pmid38714865,
year = {2024},
author = {Webster, P},
title = {The future of brain-computer interfaces in medicine.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41591-024-00031-3},
pmid = {38714865},
issn = {1546-170X},
}

@article {pmid38713969,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Li, S and Luo, J and Liu, J and Wu, D},
title = {Channel reflection: Knowledge-driven data augmentation for EEG-based brain-computer interfaces.},
journal = {Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society},
volume = {176},
number = {},
pages = {106351},
doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106351},
pmid = {38713969},
issn = {1879-2782},
abstract = {A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables direct communication between the human brain and external devices. Electroencephalography (EEG) based BCIs are currently the most popular for able-bodied users. To increase user-friendliness, usually a small amount of user-specific EEG data are used for calibration, which may not be enough to develop a pure data-driven decoding model. To cope with this typical calibration data shortage challenge in EEG-based BCIs, this paper proposes a parameter-free channel reflection (CR) data augmentation approach that incorporates prior knowledge on the channel distributions of different BCI paradigms in data augmentation. Experiments on eight public EEG datasets across four different BCI paradigms (motor imagery, steady-state visual evoked potential, P300, and seizure classifications) using different decoding algorithms demonstrated that: (1) CR is effective, i.e., it can noticeably improve the classification accuracy; (2) CR is robust, i.e., it consistently outperforms existing data augmentation approaches in the literature; and, (3) CR is flexible, i.e., it can be combined with other data augmentation approaches to further improve the performance. We suggest that data augmentation approaches like CR should be an essential step in EEG-based BCIs. Our code is available online.},
}

@article {pmid38713574,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, J and Xu, R and Daly, I and Zhao, X and Wang, X and Cichocki, A},
title = {MOCNN: A Multiscale Deep Convolutional Neural Network for ERP-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on cybernetics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TCYB.2024.3390805},
pmid = {38713574},
issn = {2168-2275},
abstract = {Event-related potentials (ERPs) reflect neurophysiological changes of the brain in response to external events and their associated underlying complex spatiotemporal feature information is governed by ongoing oscillatory activity within the brain. Deep learning methods have been increasingly adopted for ERP-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) due to their excellent feature representation abilities, which allow for deep analysis of oscillatory activity within the brain. Features with higher spatiotemporal frequencies usually represent detailed and localized information, while features with lower spatiotemporal frequencies usually represent global structures. Mining EEG features from multiple spatiotemporal frequencies is conducive to obtaining more discriminative information. A multiscale feature fusion octave convolution neural network (MOCNN) is proposed in this article. MOCNN divides the ERP signals into high-, medium-and low-frequency components corresponding to different resolutions and processes them in different branches. By adding mid-and low-frequency components, the feature information used by MOCNN can be enriched, and the required amount of calculations can be reduced. After successive feature mapping using temporal and spatial convolutions, MOCNN realizes interactive learning among different components through the exchange of feature information among branches. Classification is accomplished by feeding the fused deep spatiotemporal features from various components into a fully connected layer. The results, obtained on two public datasets and a self-collected ERP dataset, show that MOCNN can achieve state-of-the-art ERP classification performance. In this study, the generalized concept of octave convolution is introduced into the field of ERP-BCI research, which allows effective spatiotemporal features to be extracted from multiscale networks through branch width optimization and information interaction at various scales.},
}

@article {pmid38713331,
year = {2024},
author = {Cao, HL and Meng, YJ and Wei, W and Li, T and Li, ML and Guo, WJ},
title = {Altered individual gray matter structural covariance networks in early abstinence patients with alcohol dependence.},
journal = {Brain imaging and behavior},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38713331},
issn = {1931-7565},
support = {81571305//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {While alterations in cortical thickness have been widely observed in individuals with alcohol dependence, knowledge about cortical thickness-based structural covariance networks is limited. This study aimed to explore the topological disorganization of structural covariance networks based on cortical thickness at the single-subject level among patients with alcohol dependence. Structural imaging data were obtained from 61 patients with alcohol dependence during early abstinence and 59 healthy controls. The single-subject structural covariance networks were constructed based on cortical thickness data from 68 brain regions and were analyzed using graph theory. The relationships between network architecture and clinical characteristics were further investigated using partial correlation analysis. In the structural covariance networks, both patients with alcohol dependence and healthy controls displayed small-world topology. However, compared to controls, alcohol-dependent individuals exhibited significantly altered global network properties characterized by greater normalized shortest path length, greater shortest path length, and lower global efficiency. Patients exhibited lower degree centrality and nodal efficiency, primarily in the right precuneus. Additionally, scores on the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test were negatively correlated with the degree centrality and nodal efficiency of the left middle temporal gyrus. The results of this correlation analysis did not survive after multiple comparisons in the exploratory analysis. Our findings may reveal alterations in the topological organization of gray matter networks in alcoholism patients, which may contribute to understanding the mechanisms of alcohol addiction from a network perspective.},
}

@article {pmid38712193,
year = {2024},
author = {Menéndez, JA and Hennig, JA and Golub, MD and Oby, ER and Sadtler, PT and Batista, AP and Chase, SM and Yu, BM and Latham, PE},
title = {A theory of brain-computer interface learning via low-dimensional control.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.04.18.589952},
pmid = {38712193},
abstract = {A remarkable demonstration of the flexibility of mammalian motor systems is primates' ability to learn to control brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This constitutes a completely novel motor behavior, yet primates are capable of learning to control BCIs under a wide range of conditions. BCIs with carefully calibrated decoders, for example, can be learned with only minutes to hours of practice. With a few weeks of practice, even BCIs with randomly constructed decoders can be learned. What are the biological substrates of this learning process? Here, we develop a theory based on a re-aiming strategy, whereby learning operates within a low-dimensional subspace of task-relevant inputs driving the local population of recorded neurons. Through comprehensive numerical and formal analysis, we demonstrate that this theory can provide a unifying explanation for disparate phenomena previously reported in three different BCI learning tasks, and we derive a novel experimental prediction that we verify with previously published data. By explicitly modeling the underlying neural circuitry, the theory reveals an interpretation of these phenomena in terms of biological constraints on neural activity.},
}

@article {pmid38712189,
year = {2024},
author = {Shah, NP and Willsey, MS and Hahn, N and Kamdar, F and Avansino, DT and Fan, C and Hochberg, LR and Willett, FR and Henderson, JM},
title = {A flexible intracortical brain-computer interface for typing using finger movements.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.04.22.590630},
pmid = {38712189},
abstract = {Keyboard typing with finger movements is a versatile digital interface for users with diverse skills, needs, and preferences. Currently, such an interface does not exist for people with paralysis. We developed an intracortical brain-computer interface (BCI) for typing with attempted flexion/extension movements of three finger groups on the right hand, or both hands, and demonstrated its flexibility in two dominant typing paradigms. The first paradigm is "point-and-click" typing, where a BCI user selects one key at a time using continuous real-time control, allowing selection of arbitrary sequences of symbols. During cued character selection with this paradigm, a human research participant with paralysis achieved 30-40 selections per minute with nearly 90% accuracy. The second paradigm is "keystroke" typing, where the BCI user selects each character by a discrete movement without real-time feedback, often giving a faster speed for natural language sentences. With 90 cued characters per minute, decoding attempted finger movements and correcting errors using a language model resulted in more than 90% accuracy. Notably, both paradigms matched the state-of-the-art for BCI performance and enabled further flexibility by the simultaneous selection of multiple characters as well as efficient decoder estimation across paradigms. Overall, the high-performance interface is a step towards the wider accessibility of BCI technology by addressing unmet user needs for flexibility.},
}

@article {pmid38712177,
year = {2024},
author = {Downey, JE and Schone, HR and Foldes, ST and Greenspon, C and Liu, F and Verbaarschot, C and Biro, D and Satzer, D and Moon, CH and Coffman, BA and Youssofzadeh, V and Fields, D and Hobbs, TG and Okorokova, E and Tyler-Kabara, EC and Warnke, PC and Gonzalez-Martinez, J and Hatsopoulos, NG and Bensmaia, SJ and Boninger, ML and Gaunt, RA and Collinger, JL},
title = {A roadmap for implanting microelectrode arrays to evoke tactile sensations through intracortical microstimulation.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2024.04.26.24306239},
pmid = {38712177},
abstract = {Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a method for restoring sensation to people with paralysis as part of a bidirectional brain-computer interface to restore upper limb function. Evoking tactile sensations of the hand through ICMS requires precise targeting of implanted electrodes. Here we describe the presurgical imaging procedures used to generate functional maps of the hand area of the somatosensory cortex and subsequent planning that guided the implantation of intracortical microelectrode arrays. In five participants with cervical spinal cord injury, across two study locations, this procedure successfully enabled ICMS-evoked sensations localized to at least the first four digits of the hand. The imaging and planning procedures developed through this clinical trial provide a roadmap for other brain-computer interface studies to ensure successful placement of stimulation electrodes.},
}

@article {pmid38711277,
year = {2024},
author = {Vakilipour, P and Fekrvand, S},
title = {Brain-to-brain interface technology: A brief history, current state, and future goals.},
journal = {International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jdn.10334},
pmid = {38711277},
issn = {1873-474X},
abstract = {A brain-to-brain interface (BBI), defined as a combination of neuroimaging and neurostimulation methods to extract and deliver information between brains directly without the need for the peripheral nervous system, is a budding communication technique. A BBI system is made up of two parts known as the brain-computer interface part, which reads a sender's brain activity and digitalizes it, and the computer-brain interface part, which writes the delivered brain activity to a receiving brain. As with other technologies, BBI systems have gone through an evolutionary process since they first appeared. The BBI systems have been employed for numerous purposes, including rehabilitation for post-stroke patients, communicating with patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, locked-in syndrome and speech problems following stroke. Also, it has been proposed that a BBI system could play an important role on future battlefields. This technology was not only employed for communicating between two human brains but also for making a direct communication path among different species through which motor or sensory commands could be sent and received. However, the application of BBI systems has provoked significant challenges to human rights principles due to their ability to access and manipulate human brain information. In this study, we aimed to review the brain-computer interface and computer-brain interface technologies as components of BBI systems, the development of BBI systems, applications of this technology, arising ethical issues and expectations for future use.},
}

@article {pmid38711213,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, H and Gong, L and Su, C and Teng, B and Xi, W and Li, X and Geng, F and Hu, Y},
title = {White matter integrity of right frontostriatal circuit predicts internet addiction severity among internet gamers.},
journal = {Addiction biology},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {e13399},
pmid = {38711213},
issn = {1369-1600},
support = {81971245//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 62077042//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021ZD0200409//STI 2030-Major Projects/ ; //MOE Frontiers Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University/ ; //Zhejiang Province "Qianjiang Talent Program," Research of Basic Discipline for the 2.0 Base of Top-notch Students Training Program/ ; 20211033//Ministry of Education of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *White Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Male ; *Internet Addiction Disorder/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; Female ; *Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods ; Adult ; Young Adult ; *Self-Control ; *Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Ventral Striatum/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/pathology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology ; Corpus Striatum/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology ; Internet ; Frontal Lobe/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology ; },
abstract = {Excessive use of the internet, which is a typical scenario of self-control failure, could lead to potential consequences such as anxiety, depression, and diminished academic performance. However, the underlying neuropsychological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the structural basis of self-control and internet addiction. In a cohort of 96 internet gamers, we examined the relationships among grey matter volume and white matter integrity within the frontostriatal circuits and internet addiction severity, as well as self-control measures. The results showed a significant and negative correlation between dACC grey matter volume and internet addiction severity (p < 0.001), but not with self-control. Subsequent tractography from the dACC to the bilateral ventral striatum (VS) was conducted. The fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity of dACC-right VS pathway was negatively (p = 0.011) and positively (p = 0.020) correlated with internet addiction severity, respectively, and the FA was also positively correlated with self-control (p = 0.036). These associations were not observed for the dACC-left VS pathway. Further mediation analysis demonstrated a significant complete mediation effect of self-control on the relationship between FA of the dACC-right VS pathway and internet addiction severity. Our findings suggest that the dACC-right VS pathway is a critical neural substrate for both internet addiction and self-control. Deficits in this pathway may lead to impaired self-regulation over internet usage, exacerbating the severity of internet addiction.},
}

Humans
*White Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Male
*Internet Addiction Disorder/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
Female
*Diffusion Tensor Imaging/methods
Adult
Young Adult
*Self-Control
*Gray Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Ventral Striatum/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology/pathology
Severity of Illness Index
Neural Pathways/diagnostic imaging/physiopathology
Corpus Striatum/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology
Internet
Frontal Lobe/diagnostic imaging/pathology/physiopathology

@article {pmid38709472,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, S and Liu, YJ},
title = {Microglia Suppresses Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis via a Pro-inflammatory Response.},
journal = {Neuroscience bulletin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38709472},
issn = {1995-8218},
}

@article {pmid38707591,
year = {2024},
author = {Bridges, NR and Stickle, M and Moxon, KA},
title = {Transitioning from global to local computational strategies during brain-machine interface learning.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1371107},
pmid = {38707591},
issn = {1662-4548},
abstract = {When learning to use a brain-machine interface (BMI), the brain modulates neuronal activity patterns, exploring and exploiting the state space defined by their neural manifold. Neurons directly involved in BMI control (i.e., direct neurons) can display marked changes in their firing patterns during BMI learning. However, the extent of firing pattern changes in neurons not directly involved in BMI control (i.e., indirect neurons) remains unclear. To clarify this issue, we localized direct and indirect neurons to separate hemispheres in a task designed to bilaterally engage these hemispheres while animals learned to control the position of a platform with their neural signals. Animals that learned to control the platform and improve their performance in the task shifted from a global strategy, where both direct and indirect neurons modified their firing patterns, to a local strategy, where only direct neurons modified their firing rate, as animals became expert in the task. Animals that did not learn the BMI task did not shift from utilizing a global to a local strategy. These results provide important insights into what differentiates successful and unsuccessful BMI learning and the computational mechanisms adopted by the neurons.},
}

@article {pmid38707359,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Tan, Y and Song, J and Lu, H and Bian, Y and Cai, W},
title = {Combined intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis in hyperacute cerebral ischemia without significant corresponding vascular occlusion/stenosis: A Preliminary investigation.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {10},
number = {9},
pages = {e29998},
pmid = {38707359},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of various thrombolytic treatment protocols in patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction.

METHODS: Patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke within 6 h of symptom onset and with brain computer tomography angiography confirming the absence of major vessel stenosis or occlusion were eligible for this study. The enrolled patients were subsequently randomized into two groups: all the groups received the standard intravenous thrombolysis treatment with rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg), and the experimental group underwent sequential intra-arterial thrombolysis treatment with alteplase (0.3 mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 22 mg), administered directly into the target vessel via a microcatheter. Both groups were closely monitored for changes in their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin scale score, hemorrhage rate, all-cause mortality rate, and the rate of favorable outcomes at 90 ± 7 days.

RESULTS: Ninety-four participants were enrolled in this study, with both the control and experimental groups initiating intravenous injection of rt-PA at a median time of 29 min. For the experimental group, the median time for arterial puncture was 123 min. Baseline data for both groups were similar (P > 0.05). Hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 24.47 % (23 patients), with a lower intracranial hemorrhage rate observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (15.2 % vs 33.3 %, P < 0.05). Asymptomatic hemorrhage rates were 8.7 % for the experimental group and 12.5 % for the control group, with no hemorrhage detected in other locations. Post-treatment median NIHSS scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (7 vs 9, P < 0.05), but short-term NIHSS scores were similar (P > 0.05). A higher proportion of patients in the experimental group achieved favorable outcomes compared to the control group (87.0 % vs 43.8 %, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: In patients with acute ischemic stroke with an onset time of ≤6 h and no major intracranial vessel occlusion, combining rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis with intra-arterial thrombolysis via a microcatheter might yield superior functional outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid38703311,
year = {2024},
author = {Soler, A and Giraldo, E and Molinas, M},
title = {EEG source imaging of hand movement-related areas: an evaluation of the reconstruction and classification accuracy with optimized channels.},
journal = {Brain informatics},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {38703311},
issn = {2198-4018},
abstract = {The hand motor activity can be identified and converted into commands for controlling machines through a brain-computer interface (BCI) system. Electroencephalography (EEG) based BCI systems employ electrodes to measure the electrical brain activity projected at the scalp and discern patterns. However, the volume conduction problem attenuates the electric potential from the brain to the scalp and introduces spatial mixing to the signals. EEG source imaging (ESI) techniques can be applied to alleviate these issues and enhance the spatial segregation of information. Despite this potential solution, the use of ESI has not been extensively applied in BCI systems, largely due to accuracy concerns over reconstruction accuracy when using low-density EEG (ldEEG), which is commonly used in BCIs. To overcome these accuracy issues in low channel counts, recent studies have proposed reducing the number of EEG channels based on optimized channel selection. This work presents an evaluation of the spatial and temporal accuracy of ESI when applying optimized channel selection towards ldEEG number of channels. For this, a simulation study of source activity related to hand movement has been performed using as a starting point an EEG system with 339 channels. The results obtained after optimization show that the activity in the concerned areas can be retrieved with a spatial accuracy of 3.99, 10.69, and 14.29 mm (localization error) when using 32, 16, and 8 channel counts respectively. In addition, the use of optimally selected electrodes has been validated in a motor imagery classification task, obtaining a higher classification performance when using 16 optimally selected channels than 32 typical electrode distributions under 10-10 system, and obtaining higher classification performance when combining ESI methods with the optimal selected channels.},
}

@article {pmid38701593,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, X and Chen, W and Pei, Z and Zhang, Y and Chen, J},
title = {Attention-based convolutional neural network with multi-modal temporal information fusion for motor imagery EEG decoding.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {175},
number = {},
pages = {108504},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108504},
pmid = {38701593},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {Convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely applied in motor imagery (MI)-based brain computer interface (BCI) to decode electroencephalography (EEG) signals. However, due to the limited perceptual field of convolutional kernel, CNN only extracts features from local region without considering long-term dependencies for EEG decoding. Apart from long-term dependencies, multi-modal temporal information is equally important for EEG decoding because it can offer a more comprehensive understanding of the temporal dynamics of neural processes. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning network that combines CNN with self-attention mechanism to encapsulate multi-modal temporal information and global dependencies. The network first extracts multi-modal temporal information from two distinct perspectives: average and variance. A shared self-attention module is then designed to capture global dependencies along these two feature dimensions. We further design a convolutional encoder to explore the relationship between average-pooled and variance-pooled features and fuse them into more discriminative features. Moreover, a data augmentation method called signal segmentation and recombination is proposed to improve the generalization capability of the proposed network. The experimental results on the BCI Competition IV-2a (BCIC-IV-2a) and BCI Competition IV-2b (BCIC-IV-2b) datasets show that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and achieves 4-class average accuracy of 85.03% on the BCIC-IV-2a dataset. The proposed method implies the effectiveness of multi-modal temporal information fusion in attention-based deep learning networks and provides a new perspective for MI-EEG decoding. The code is available at https://github.com/Ma-Xinzhi/EEG-TransNet.},
}

@article {pmid38700963,
year = {2024},
author = {Valencia, D and Mercier, PP and Alimohammad, A},
title = {An Efficient Brain-Switch for Asynchronous Brain-Computer Interfaces.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TBCAS.2024.3396115},
pmid = {38700963},
issn = {1940-9990},
abstract = {Intracortical brain computer interfaces (iBCIs) utilizing extracellular recordings mainly employ in vivo signal processing application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) to detect action potentials (spikes). Conventionally, "brain-switches" based on spiking activity have been employed to realize asynchronous (self-paced) iBCIs, estimating when the user involves in the underlying BCI task. Several studies have demonstrated that local field potentials (LFPs) can effectively replace action potentials, drastically reducing the power consumption and processing requirements of in vivo ASICs. This article presents the first LFP-based brain-switch design and implementation using gated recurrent neural networks (RNNs). Compared to the previously reported brain-switches, our design requires no exhaustive learning phase for the estimation of optimal recording channels or frequency band selection, making it more applicable to practical asynchronous iBCIs. The synthesized ASIC of the designed in vivo LFP-based feature extraction unit, in a standard 180-nm CMOS process, occupies only 0.09 mm[2] of silicon area, and the post place-and-route synthesis results indicate that it consumes 91.87 nW of power while operating at 2 kHz. Compared to the previously published ASICs, the proposed LFP-based brain-switch consumes the least power for in vivo digital signal processing and achieves comparable state estimation performance to that of spike-based brain-switches.},
}

@article {pmid38700806,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Y and Fang, Y and Li, K and Yang, H and Duan, S and Sun, L},
title = {Morphological Tracing and Functional Identification of Monosynaptic Connections in the Brain: A Comprehensive Guide.},
journal = {Neuroscience bulletin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38700806},
issn = {1995-8218},
abstract = {Behavioral studies play a crucial role in unraveling the mechanisms underlying brain function. Recent advances in optogenetics, neuronal typing and labeling, and circuit tracing have facilitated the dissection of the neural circuitry involved in various important behaviors. The identification of monosynaptic connections, both upstream and downstream of specific neurons, serves as the foundation for understanding complex neural circuits and studying behavioral mechanisms. However, the practical implementation and mechanistic understanding of monosynaptic connection tracing techniques and functional identification remain challenging, particularly for inexperienced researchers. Improper application of these methods and misinterpretation of results can impede experimental progress and lead to erroneous conclusions. In this paper, we present a comprehensive description of the principles, specific operational details, and key steps involved in tracing anterograde and retrograde monosynaptic connections. We outline the process of functionally identifying monosynaptic connections through the integration of optogenetics and electrophysiological techniques, providing practical guidance for researchers.},
}

@article {pmid38700614,
year = {2024},
author = {Pang, B and Peng, Y and Gao, J and Kong, W},
title = {Semi-supervised bipartite graph construction with active EEG sample selection for emotion recognition.},
journal = {Medical & biological engineering & computing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38700614},
issn = {1741-0444},
support = {61971173//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023YFE0114900//Key Technologies Research and Development Program/ ; },
abstract = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are derived from the central nervous system and inherently difficult to camouflage, leading to the recent popularity of EEG-based emotion recognition. However, due to the non-stationary nature of EEG, inter-subject variabilities become obstacles for recognition models to well adapt to different subjects. In this paper, we propose a novel approach called semi-supervised bipartite graph construction with active EEG sample selection (SBGASS) for cross-subject emotion recognition, which offers two significant advantages. Firstly, SBGASS adaptively learns a bipartite graph to characterize the underlying relationships between labeled and unlabeled EEG samples, effectively implementing the semantic connection for samples from different subjects. Secondly, we employ active sample selection technique in this paper to reduce the impact of negative samples (outliers or noise in the data) on bipartite graph construction. Drawing from the experimental results with the SEED-IV data set, we have gained the following three insights. (1) SBGASS actively rejects negative labeled samples, which helps mitigate the impact of negative samples when constructing the optimal bipartite graph and improves the model performance. (2) Through the learned optimal bipartite graph in SBGASS, the transferability of labeled EEG samples is quantitatively analyzed, which exhibits a decreasing tendency as the distance between each labeled sample and the corresponding class centroid increases. (3) Besides the improved recognition accuracy, the spatial-frequency patterns in emotion recognition are investigated by the acquired projection matrix.},
}

@article {pmid38700460,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, X and Xue, Z and Zhang, D and Lee, HJ},
title = {Pinpointing Fat Molecules: Advances in Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopy for Lipid Metabolism.},
journal = {Analytical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01398},
pmid = {38700460},
issn = {1520-6882},
}

@article {pmid38699918,
year = {2024},
author = {Rybář, M and Poli, R and Daly, I},
title = {Corrigendum: Decoding of semantic categories of imagined concepts of animals and tools in fNIRS (2021J. Neural Eng. 18 046035).},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad417b},
pmid = {38699918},
issn = {1741-2552},
}

@article {pmid38698495,
year = {2024},
author = {Eldawlatly, S},
title = {On the role of generative artificial intelligence in the development of brain-computer interfaces.},
journal = {BMC biomedical engineering},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {4},
pmid = {38698495},
issn = {2524-4426},
abstract = {Since their inception more than 50 years ago, Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have held promise to compensate for functions lost by people with disabilities through allowing direct communication between the brain and external devices. While research throughout the past decades has demonstrated the feasibility of BCI to act as a successful assistive technology, the widespread use of BCI outside the lab is still beyond reach. This can be attributed to a number of challenges that need to be addressed for BCI to be of practical use including limited data availability, limited temporal and spatial resolutions of brain signals recorded non-invasively and inter-subject variability. In addition, for a very long time, BCI development has been mainly confined to specific simple brain patterns, while developing other BCI applications relying on complex brain patterns has been proven infeasible. Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) has recently emerged as an artificial intelligence domain in which trained models can be used to generate new data with properties resembling that of available data. Given the enhancements observed in other domains that possess similar challenges to BCI development, GAI has been recently employed in a multitude of BCI development applications to generate synthetic brain activity; thereby, augmenting the recorded brain activity. Here, a brief review of the recent adoption of GAI techniques to overcome the aforementioned BCI challenges is provided demonstrating the enhancements achieved using GAI techniques in augmenting limited EEG data, enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution of recorded EEG data, enhancing cross-subject performance of BCI systems and implementing end-to-end BCI applications. GAI could represent the means by which BCI would be transformed into a prevalent assistive technology, thereby improving the quality of life of people with disabilities, and helping in adopting BCI as an emerging human-computer interaction technology for general use.},
}

@article {pmid38697881,
year = {2024},
author = {Chaudhary, P and Dhankhar, N and Singhal, A and Rana, KPS},
title = {A two-stage transformer based network for motor imagery classification.},
journal = {Medical engineering & physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104154},
doi = {10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104154},
pmid = {38697881},
issn = {1873-4030},
abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are used to understand brain functioning and develop therapies for neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, BCIs are crucial in rehabilitating motor dysfunction and advancing motor imagery applications. For motor imagery, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are used to classify the subject's intention of moving a body part without actually moving it. This paper presents a two-stage transformer-based architecture that employs handcrafted features and deep learning techniques to enhance the classification performance on benchmarked EEG signals. Stage-1 is built on parallel convolution based EEGNet, multi-head attention, and separable temporal convolution networks for spatiotemporal feature extraction. Further, for enhanced classification, in stage-2, additional features and embeddings extracted from stage-1 are used to train TabNet. In addition, a novel channel cluster swapping data augmentation technique is also developed to handle the issue of limited samples for training deep learning architectures. The developed two-stage architecture offered an average classification accuracy of 88.5 % and 88.3 % on the BCI Competition IV-2a and IV-2b datasets, respectively, which is approximately 3.0 % superior over similar recent reported works.},
}

@article {pmid38697588,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, W and Jiang, M and Teo, KAC and Bhuvanakantham, R and Fong, L and Sim, WKJ and Guo, Z and Foo, CHV and Chua, RHJ and Padmanabhan, P and Leong, V and Lu, J and Gulyás, B and Guan, C},
title = {Revealing the spatiotemporal brain dynamics of covert speech compared with overt speech: A simultaneous EEG-fMRI study.},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {293},
number = {},
pages = {120629},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120629},
pmid = {38697588},
issn = {1095-9572},
abstract = {Covert speech (CS) refers to speaking internally to oneself without producing any sound or movement. CS is involved in multiple cognitive functions and disorders. Reconstructing CS content by brain-computer interface (BCI) is also an emerging technique. However, it is still controversial whether CS is a truncated neural process of overt speech (OS) or involves independent patterns. Here, we performed a word-speaking experiment with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. It involved 32 participants, who generated words both overtly and covertly. By integrating spatial constraints from fMRI into EEG source localization, we precisely estimated the spatiotemporal dynamics of neural activity. During CS, EEG source activity was localized in three regions: the left precentral gyrus, the left supplementary motor area, and the left putamen. Although OS involved more brain regions with stronger activations, CS was characterized by an earlier event-locked activation in the left putamen (peak at 262 ms versus 1170 ms). The left putamen was also identified as the only hub node within the functional connectivity (FC) networks of both OS and CS, while showing weaker FC strength towards speech-related regions in the dominant hemisphere during CS. Path analysis revealed significant multivariate associations, indicating an indirect association between the earlier activation in the left putamen and CS, which was mediated by reduced FC towards speech-related regions. These findings revealed the specific spatiotemporal dynamics of CS, offering insights into CS mechanisms that are potentially relevant for future treatment of self-regulation deficits, speech disorders, and development of BCI speech applications.},
}

@article {pmid38697587,
year = {2024},
author = {Wen, X and Yang, M and Qi, S and Wu, X and Zhang, D},
title = {Automated individual cortical parcellation via consensus graph representation learning.},
journal = {NeuroImage},
volume = {293},
number = {},
pages = {120616},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120616},
pmid = {38697587},
issn = {1095-9572},
abstract = {Cortical parcellation plays a pivotal role in elucidating the brain organization. Despite the growing efforts to develop parcellation algorithms using functional magnetic resonance imaging, achieving a balance between intra-individual specificity and inter-individual consistency proves challenging, making the generation of high-quality, subject-consistent cortical parcellations particularly elusive. To solve this problem, our paper proposes a fully automated individual cortical parcellation method based on consensus graph representation learning. The method integrates spectral embedding with low-rank tensor learning into a unified optimization model, which uses group-common connectivity patterns captured by low-rank tensor learning to optimize subjects' functional networks. This not only ensures consistency in brain representations across different subjects but also enhances the quality of each subject's representation matrix by eliminating spurious connections. More importantly, it achieves an adaptive balance between intra-individual specificity and inter-individual consistency during this process. Experiments conducted on a test-retest dataset from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods in terms of reproducibility, functional homogeneity, and alignment with task activation. Extensive network-based comparisons on the HCP S900 dataset reveal that the functional network derived from our cortical parcellation method exhibits greater capabilities in gender identification and behavior prediction than other approaches.},
}

@article {pmid38694882,
year = {2024},
author = {Polyakov, D and Robinson, PA and Muller, EJ and Shriki, O},
title = {Recruiting neural field theory for data augmentation in a motor imagery brain-computer interface.},
journal = {Frontiers in robotics and AI},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1362735},
pmid = {38694882},
issn = {2296-9144},
abstract = {We introduce a novel approach to training data augmentation in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) using neural field theory (NFT) applied to EEG data from motor imagery tasks. BCIs often suffer from limited accuracy due to a limited amount of training data. To address this, we leveraged a corticothalamic NFT model to generate artificial EEG time series as supplemental training data. We employed the BCI competition IV '2a' dataset to evaluate this augmentation technique. For each individual, we fitted the model to common spatial patterns of each motor imagery class, jittered the fitted parameters, and generated time series for data augmentation. Our method led to significant accuracy improvements of over 2% in classifying the "total power" feature, but not in the case of the "Higuchi fractal dimension" feature. This suggests that the fit NFT model may more favorably represent one feature than the other. These findings pave the way for further exploration of NFT-based data augmentation, highlighting the benefits of biophysically accurate artificial data.},
}

@article {pmid38694459,
year = {2024},
author = {Uszko, JM and Eichhorn, SJ and Patil, AJ and Hall, SR},
title = {Detonation of fulminating gold produces heterogeneous gold nanoparticles.},
journal = {Nanoscale advances},
volume = {6},
number = {9},
pages = {2231-2233},
pmid = {38694459},
issn = {2516-0230},
abstract = {Fulminating gold, the first high-explosive compound to be discovered, disintegrates into a mysterious cloud of purple smoke, the nature of which has been speculated upon since its discovery in the 15th century. In this work, we show that the colour of the smoke is due to the presence of gold nanoparticles.},
}

@article {pmid38694204,
year = {2024},
author = {Yao, X and Li, M and He, S and Jing, L and Li, C and Tao, J and Hui, X and Gao, F and Song, J and Chen, H and Wang, Z},
title = {Kirigami-Triggered Spoof Plasmonic Interconnects for Radiofrequency Elastronics.},
journal = {Research (Washington, D.C.)},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {0367},
pmid = {38694204},
issn = {2639-5274},
abstract = {The flexible and conformal interconnects for electronic systems as a potential signal transmission device have great prospects in body-worn or wearable applications. High-efficiency wave propagation and conformal structure deformation around human body at radio communication are still confronted with huge challenges due to the lack of methods to control the wave propagation and achieve the deformable structure simultaneously. Here, inspired by the kirigami technology, a new paradigm to construct spoof plasmonic interconnects (SPIs) that support radiofrequency (RF) surface plasmonic transmission is proposed, together with high elasticity, strong robustness, and multifunction performance. Leveraging the strong field-confinement characteristic of spoof surface plasmons polaritons, the Type-I SPI opens its high-efficiency transmission band after stretching from a simply connected metallic surface. Meanwhile, the broadband transmission of the kirigami-based SPI exhibits strong robustness and excellent stability undergoing complex deformations, i.e., bending, twisting, and stretching. In addition, the prepared Type-II SPI consisting of 2 different subunit cells can achieve band-stop transmission characteristics, with its center frequency dynamically tunable by stretching the buckled structure. Experimental measurements verify the on-off switching performance in kirigami interconnects triggered by stretching. Overcoming the mechanical limitation of rigid structure with kirigami technology, the designer SPIs exhibit high stretchability through out-of-plane structure deformation. Such kirigami-based interconnects can improve the elastic functionality of wearable RF electronics and offer high compatibility to large body motion in future body network systems.},
}

@article {pmid38699292,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Lv, Q and Yin, Y and Wang, H and Bueber, MA and Phillips, MR and Li, T},
title = {Research in China about the biological mechanisms that potentially link socioenvironmental changes and mental health: a scoping review.},
journal = {The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific},
volume = {45},
number = {},
pages = {100610},
pmid = {38699292},
issn = {2666-6065},
abstract = {China's rapid socioeconomic development since 1990 makes it a fitting location to summarise research about how biological changes associated with socioenvironmental changes affect population mental health and, thus, lay the groundwork for subsequent, more focused studies. An initial search identified 308 review articles in the international literature about biomarkers associated with 12 common mental health disorders. We then searched for studies conducted in China that assessed the association of the identified mental health related-biomarkers with socioenvironmental factors in English-language and Chinese-language databases. We located 1330 articles published between 1 January 1990 and 1 August 2021 that reported a total of 3567 associations between 56 specific biomarkers and 11 socioenvironmental factors: 3156 (88·5%) about six types of environmental pollution, 381 (10·7%) about four health-related behaviours (diet, physical inactivity, internet misuse, and other lifestyle factors), and 30 (0·8%) about socioeconomic inequity. Only 245 (18·4%) of the papers simultaneously considered the possible effect of the biomarkers on mental health conditions; moreover, most of these studies assessed biomarkers in animal models of mental disorders, not human subjects. Among the 245 papers, mental health conditions were linked with biomarkers of environmental pollution in 188 (76·7%), with biomarkers of health-related behaviours in 48 (19·6%), and with biomarkers of socioeconomic inequality in 9 (3·7%). The 604 biomarker-mental health condition associations reported (107 in human subjects and 497 in animal models) included 379 (62·7%) about cognitive functioning, 117 (19·4%) about anxiety, 56 (9·3%) about depression, 21 (3·5%) about neurodevelopmental conditions, and 31 (5·1%) about neurobehavioural symptoms. Improved understanding of the biological mechanisms linking socioenvironmental changes to community mental health will require expanding the range of socioenvironmental factors considered, including mental health outcomes in more of the studies about the association of biomarkers with socioenvironmental factors, and increasing the proportion of studies that assess mental health outcomes in humans.},
}

@article {pmid38693175,
year = {2024},
author = {Lotun, S and Lamarche, VM and Matran-Fernandez, A and Sandstrom, GM},
title = {Author Correction: People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9986},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-024-60558-w},
pmid = {38693175},
issn = {2045-2322},
}

@article {pmid38692704,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, K and Yang, Y and Ding, J and Wang, J and Fang, Y and Tian, H},
title = {Spatially Precise Genetic Engineering at the Electrode-Tissue Interface.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2401327},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202401327},
pmid = {38692704},
issn = {1521-4095},
abstract = {The interface between electrodes and neural tissues plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy and fidelity of neural activity recording and modulation. While considerable efforts have been made to improve the electrode-tissue interface, the majority of studies have primarily concentrated on the development of biocompatible neural electrodes through abiotic materials and structural engineering. In this study, we present an approach that seamlessly integrates abiotic and biotic engineering principles into the electrode-tissue interface. Specifically, we combine ultraflexible neural electrodes with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) designed to silence the expression of endogenous genes within neural tissues. Our system facilitates shRNA-mediated knockdown of PTEN and PTBP1, two essential genes associated in neural survival/growth and neurogenesis, within specific cell populations located at the electrode-tissue interface. Additionally, we demonstrate that the downregulation of PTEN in neurons can result in an enlargement of neuronal cell bodies at the electrode-tissue interface. Furthermore, our system enables long-term monitoring of neuronal activities following PTEN knockdown in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury. Our system provides a versatile approach for genetically engineering the electrode-tissue interface with unparalleled precision, paving the way for the development of regenerative electronics and next-generation brain-machine interfaces. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}

@article {pmid38692190,
year = {2024},
author = {Duan, T and Wang, Z and Li, F and Doretto, G and Adjeroh, DA and Yin, Y and Tao, C},
title = {Online continual decoding of streaming EEG signal with a balanced and informative memory buffer.},
journal = {Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society},
volume = {176},
number = {},
pages = {106338},
doi = {10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106338},
pmid = {38692190},
issn = {1879-2782},
abstract = {Electroencephalography (EEG) based Brain Computer Interface (BCI) systems play a significant role in facilitating how individuals with neurological impairments effectively interact with their environment. In real world applications of BCI system for clinical assistance and rehabilitation training, the EEG classifier often needs to learn on sequentially arriving subjects in an online manner. As patterns of EEG signals can be significantly different for different subjects, the EEG classifier can easily erase knowledge of learnt subjects after learning on later ones as it performs decoding in online streaming scenario, namely catastrophic forgetting. In this work, we tackle this problem with a memory-based approach, which considers the following conditions: (1) subjects arrive sequentially in an online manner, with no large scale dataset available for joint training beforehand, (2) data volume from the different subjects could be imbalanced, (3) decoding difficulty of the sequential streaming signal vary, (4) continual classification for a long time is required. This online sequential EEG decoding problem is more challenging than classic cross subject EEG decoding as there is no large-scale training data from the different subjects available beforehand. The proposed model keeps a small balanced memory buffer during sequential learning, with memory data dynamically selected based on joint consideration of data volume and informativeness. Furthermore, for the more general scenarios where subject identity is unknown to the EEG decoder, aka. subject agnostic scenario, we propose a kernel based subject shift detection method that identifies underlying subject changes on the fly in a computationally efficient manner. We develop challenging benchmarks of streaming EEG data from sequentially arriving subjects with both balanced and imbalanced data volumes, and performed extensive experiments with a detailed ablation study on the proposed model. The results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach, enabling the decoder to maintain performance on all previously seen subjects over a long period of sequential decoding. The model demonstrates the potential for real-world applications.},
}

@article {pmid38689713,
year = {2024},
author = {Ma, D and Jin, X and Sun, S and Li, Y and Wu, X and Hu, Y and Yang, F and Tang, H and Zhu, X and Lin, P and Pan, G},
title = {Darwin3: a large-scale neuromorphic chip with a novel ISA and on-chip learning.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {nwae102},
pmid = {38689713},
issn = {2053-714X},
abstract = {Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are gaining increasing attention for their biological plausibility and potential for improved computational efficiency. To match the high spatial-temporal dynamics in SNNs, neuromorphic chips are highly desired to execute SNNs in hardware-based neuron and synapse circuits directly. This paper presents a large-scale neuromorphic chip named Darwin3 with a novel instruction set architecture, which comprises 10 primary instructions and a few extended instructions. It supports flexible neuron model programming and local learning rule designs. The Darwin3 chip architecture is designed in a mesh of computing nodes with an innovative routing algorithm. We used a compression mechanism to represent synaptic connections, significantly reducing memory usage. The Darwin3 chip supports up to 2.35 million neurons, making it the largest of its kind on the neuron scale. The experimental results showed that the code density was improved by up to 28.3× in Darwin3, and that the neuron core fan-in and fan-out were improved by up to 4096× and 3072× by connection compression compared to the physical memory depth. Our Darwin3 chip also provided memory saving between 6.8× and 200.8× when mapping convolutional spiking neural networks onto the chip, demonstrating state-of-the-art performance in accuracy and latency compared to other neuromorphic chips.},
}

@article {pmid38689706,
year = {2024},
author = {Forenzo, D and Zhu, H and Shanahan, J and Lim, J and He, B},
title = {Continuous tracking using deep learning-based decoding for noninvasive brain-computer interface.},
journal = {PNAS nexus},
volume = {3},
number = {4},
pages = {pgae145},
pmid = {38689706},
issn = {2752-6542},
abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) using electroencephalography provide a noninvasive method for users to interact with external devices without the need for muscle activation. While noninvasive BCIs have the potential to improve the quality of lives of healthy and motor-impaired individuals, they currently have limited applications due to inconsistent performance and low degrees of freedom. In this study, we use deep learning (DL)-based decoders for online continuous pursuit (CP), a complex BCI task requiring the user to track an object in 2D space. We developed a labeling system to use CP data for supervised learning, trained DL-based decoders based on two architectures, including a newly proposed adaptation of the PointNet architecture, and evaluated the performance over several online sessions. We rigorously evaluated the DL-based decoders in a total of 28 human participants, and found that the DL-based models improved throughout the sessions as more training data became available and significantly outperformed a traditional BCI decoder by the last session. We also performed additional experiments to test an implementation of transfer learning by pretraining models on data from other subjects, and midsession training to reduce intersession variability. The results from these experiments showed that pretraining did not significantly improve performance, but updating the models' midsession may have some benefit. Overall, these findings support the use of DL-based decoders for improving BCI performance in complex tasks like CP, which can expand the potential applications of BCI devices and help to improve the quality of lives of healthy and motor-impaired individuals.},
}

@article {pmid38686423,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, X and Wang, D and Zhang, B and Fan, C and Chen, J and Xu, M and Chen, Y},
title = {[A review on electroencephalogram based channel selection].},
journal = {Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
pages = {398-405},
pmid = {38686423},
issn = {1001-5515},
mesh = {*Electroencephalography ; *Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; *Algorithms ; *Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Brain/physiology ; Electrodes ; Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology ; Imagination/physiology ; },
abstract = {The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is the key signal carrier of the brain-computer interface (BCI) system. The EEG data collected by the whole-brain electrode arrangement is conducive to obtaining higher information representation. Personalized electrode layout, while ensuring the accuracy of EEG signal decoding, can also shorten the calibration time of BCI and has become an important research direction. This paper reviews the EEG signal channel selection methods in recent years, conducts a comparative analysis of the combined effects of different channel selection methods and different classification algorithms, obtains the commonly used channel combinations in motor imagery, P300 and other paradigms in BCI, and explains the application scenarios of the channel selection method in different paradigms are discussed, in order to provide stronger support for a more accurate and portable BCI system.},
}

*Electroencephalography
*Brain-Computer Interfaces
Humans
*Algorithms
*Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Brain/physiology
Electrodes
Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology
Imagination/physiology

@article {pmid38686330,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Gong, Y and Jiang, Z and Stevens, T and Li, W},
title = {Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays for closed-loop brain-machine interfaces: a review.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1348434},
pmid = {38686330},
issn = {1662-4548},
abstract = {Flexible high-density microelectrode arrays (HDMEAs) are emerging as a key component in closed-loop brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), providing high-resolution functionality for recording, stimulation, or both. The flexibility of these arrays provides advantages over rigid ones, such as reduced mismatch between interface and tissue, resilience to micromotion, and sustained long-term performance. This review summarizes the recent developments and applications of flexible HDMEAs in closed-loop BMI systems. It delves into the various challenges encountered in the development of ideal flexible HDMEAs for closed-loop BMI systems and highlights the latest methodologies and breakthroughs to address these challenges. These insights could be instrumental in guiding the creation of future generations of flexible HDMEAs, specifically tailored for use in closed-loop BMIs. The review thoroughly explores both the current state and prospects of these advanced arrays, emphasizing their potential in enhancing BMI technology.},
}

@article {pmid38686326,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, Y and Wang, H and Sha, G and Cao, Y and Chen, Y and Chen, Y and Zhang, J and Chai, C and Fan, Q and Xia, S},
title = {The covariant structural and functional neuro-correlates of cognitive impairments in patients with end-stage renal diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1374948},
pmid = {38686326},
issn = {1662-4548},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common complication of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain. However, whether a joint structural and functional alteration pattern exists that is related to CI in ESRD is unclear.

METHODS: In this study, instead of looking at brain structure and function separately, we aim to investigate the covariant characteristics of both functional and structural aspects. Specifically, we took the fusion analysis approach, namely, multimodal canonical correlation analysis and joint independent component analysis (mCCA+jICA), to jointly study the discriminative features in gray matter volume (GMV) measured by T1-weighted (T1w) MRI, fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter measured by diffusion MRI, and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) measured by blood oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) MRI in 78 ESRD patients versus 64 healthy controls (HCs), followed by a mediation effect analysis to explore the relationship between neuroimaging findings, cognitive impairments and uremic toxins.

RESULTS: Two joint group-discriminative independent components (ICs) were found to show covariant abnormalities across FA, GMV, and ALFF (all p < 0.05). The most dominant joint IC revealed associative patterns of alterations of GMV (in the precentral gyrus, occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus), alterations of ALFF (in the precuneus, superior parietal gyrus, and superior occipital gyrus), and of white matter FA (in the corticospinal tract and inferior frontal occipital fasciculus). Another significant IC revealed associative alterations of GMV (in the dorsolateral prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex) and FA (in the forceps minor). Moreover, the brain changes identified by FA and GMV in the above-mentioned brain regions were found to mediate the negative correlation between serum phosphate and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (all p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The mCCA+jICA method was demonstrated to be capable of revealing covariant abnormalities across neuronal features of different types in ESRD patients as contrasted to HCs, and joint brain changes may play an important role in mediating the relationship between serum toxins and CIs in ESRD. Our results show the mCCA+jICA fusion analysis approach may provide new insights into similar neurobiological studies.},
}

@article {pmid38686177,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhao, H and Liu, J and Shao, Y and Feng, X and Zhao, B and Sun, L and Liu, Y and Zeng, L and Li, XM and Yang, H and Duan, S and Yu, YQ},
title = {Control of defensive behavior by the nucleus of Darkschewitsch GABAergic neurons.},
journal = {National science review},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {nwae082},
pmid = {38686177},
issn = {2053-714X},
abstract = {The nucleus of Darkschewitsch (ND), mainly composed of GABAergic neurons, is widely recognized as a component of the eye-movement controlling system. However, the functional contribution of ND GABAergic neurons (NDGABA) in animal behavior is largely unknown. Here, we show that NDGABA neurons were selectively activated by different types of fear stimuli, such as predator odor and foot shock. Optogenetic and chemogenetic manipulations revealed that NDGABA neurons mediate freezing behavior. Moreover, using circuit-based optogenetic and neuroanatomical tracing methods, we identified an excitatory pathway from the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG) to the ND that induces freezing by exciting ND inhibitory outputs to the motor-related gigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part (GiV). Together, these findings indicate the NDGABA population as a novel hub for controlling defensive response by relaying fearful information from the lPAG to GiV, a mechanism critical for understanding how the freezing behavior is encoded in the mammalian brain.},
}

@article {pmid38683717,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, M and Park, HY and Park, W and Kim, KT and Kim, YH and Jeong, JH},
title = {Multi-task Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning-based Cross-Subject EEG Classification under Stroke Patients.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TNSRE.2024.3395133},
pmid = {38683717},
issn = {1558-0210},
abstract = {Robot-assisted motor training is applied for neurorehabilitation in stroke patients, using motor imagery (MI) as a representative paradigm of brain-computer interfaces to offer real-life assistance to individuals facing movement challenges. However, the effectiveness of training with MI may vary depending on the location of the stroke lesion, which should be considered. This paper introduces a multi-task electroencephalogram-based heterogeneous ensemble learning (MEEG-HEL) specifically designed for cross-subject training. In the proposed framework, common spatial patterns were used for feature extraction, and the features according to stroke lesions are shared and selected through sequential forward floating selection. The heterogeneous ensembles were used as classifiers. Nine patients with chronic ischemic stroke participated, engaging in MI and motor execution (ME) paradigms involving finger tapping. The classification criteria for the multi-task were established in two ways, taking into account the characteristics of stroke patients. In the cross-subject session, the first involved a direction recognition task for two-handed classification, achieving a performance of 0.7419 (±0.0811) in MI and 0.7061 (±0.1270) in ME. The second task focused on motor assessment for lesion location, resulting in a performance of 0.7457 (±0.1317) in MI and 0.6791 (±0.1253) in ME. Comparing the specific-subject session, except for ME on the motor assessment task, performance on both tasks was significantly higher than the cross-subject session. Furthermore, classification performance was similar to or statistically higher in cross-subject sessions compared to baseline models. The proposed MEEG-HEL holds promise in improving the practicality of neurorehabilitation in clinical settings and facilitating the detection of lesions.},
}

@article {pmid38682423,
year = {2024},
author = {Dawit, H and Zhao, Y and Wang, J and Pei, R},
title = {Advances in conductive hydrogels for neural recording and stimulation.},
journal = {Biomaterials science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d4bm00048j},
pmid = {38682423},
issn = {2047-4849},
abstract = {The brain-computer interface (BCI) allows the human or animal brain to directly interact with the external environment through the neural interfaces, thus playing the role of monitoring, protecting, improving/restoring, enhancing, and replacing. Recording electrophysiological information such as brain neural signals is of great importance in health monitoring and disease diagnosis. According to the electrode position, it can be divided into non-implantable, semi-implantable, and implantable. Among them, implantable neural electrodes can obtain the highest-quality electrophysiological information, so they have the most promising application. However, due to the chemo-mechanical mismatch between devices and tissues, the adverse foreign body response and performance loss over time seriously restrict the development and application of implantable neural electrodes. Given the challenges, conductive hydrogel-based neural electrodes have recently attracted much attention, owing to many advantages such as good mechanical match with the native tissues, negligible foreign body response, and minimal signal attenuation. This review mainly focuses on the current development of conductive hydrogels as a biocompatible framework for neural tissue and conductivity-supporting substrates for the transmission of electrical signals of neural tissue to speed up electrical regeneration and their applications in neural sensing and recording as well as stimulation.},
}

@article {pmid38682224,
year = {2024},
author = {Sadeghi, S and Maleki, A},
title = {A Modified Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface Speller Based on Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials and Electromyogram.},
journal = {Journal of integrative neuroscience},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {73},
doi = {10.31083/j.jin2304073},
pmid = {38682224},
issn = {0219-6352},
mesh = {Humans ; *Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology ; *Brain-Computer Interfaces ; *Electromyography ; Adult ; Male ; *Electroencephalography/methods ; Female ; Young Adult ; Brain/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To enhance the information transfer rate (ITR) of a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based speller, more characters with flickering symbols should be used. Increasing the number of symbols might reduce the classification accuracy. A hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) improves the overall performance of a BCI system by taking advantage of two or more control signals. In a simultaneous hybrid BCI, various modalities work with each other simultaneously, which enhances the ITR.

METHODS: In our proposed speller, simultaneous combination of electromyogram (EMG) and SSVEP was applied to increase the ITR. To achieve 36 characters, only nine stimulus symbols were used. Each symbol allowed the selection of four characters based on four states of muscle activity. The SSVEP detected which symbol the subject was focusing on and the EMG determined the target character out of the four characters dedicated to that symbol. The frequency rate for character encoding was applied in the EMG modality and latency was considered in the SSVEP modality. Online experiments were carried out on 10 healthy subjects.

RESULTS: The average ITR of this hybrid system was 96.1 bit/min with an accuracy of 91.2%. The speller speed was 20.9 char/min. Different subjects had various latency values. We used an average latency of 0.2 s across all subjects. Evaluation of each modality showed that the SSVEP classification accuracy varied for different subjects, ranging from 80% to 100%, while the EMG classification accuracy was approximately 100% for all subjects.

CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed hybrid BCI speller showed improved system speed compared with state-of-the-art systems based on SSVEP or SSVEP-EMG, and can provide a user-friendly, practical system for speller applications.},
}

Humans
*Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology
*Brain-Computer Interfaces
*Electromyography
Adult
Male
*Electroencephalography/methods
Female
Young Adult
Brain/physiology

@article {pmid38682219,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, L and Ma, E and Yang, L and Li, M and Shang, Z and Wang, L and Ma, Z and Li, J},
title = {Decoding Typical Flight States Based on Neural Signals from the Midbrain Motor Nuclei of Pigeons.},
journal = {Journal of integrative neuroscience},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {72},
doi = {10.31083/j.jin2304072},
pmid = {38682219},
issn = {0219-6352},
support = {GZC20232447//National Postdoctoral Researcher Program/ ; 62301496//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 232102210098//Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province/ ; 222102310223//Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Columbidae/physiology ; *Flight, Animal/physiology ; Support Vector Machine ; Gamma Rhythm/physiology ; Midbrain Reticular Formation/physiology ; Male ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Mesencephalon/physiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exploring the neural encoding mechanism and decoding of motion state switching during flight can advance our knowledge of avian behavior control and contribute to the development of avian robots. However, limited acquisition equipment and neural signal quality have posed challenges, thus we understand little about the neural mechanisms of avian flight.

METHODS: We used chronically implanted micro-electrode arrays to record the local field potentials (LFPs) in the formation reticularis medialis mesencephali (FRM) of pigeons during various motion states in their natural outdoor flight. Subsequently, coherence-based functional connectivity networks under different bands were constructed and the topological features were extracted. Finally, we used a support vector machine model to decode different flight states.

RESULTS: Our findings indicate that the gamma band (80-150 Hz) in the FRM exhibits significant power for identifying different states in pigeons. Specifically, the avian brain transmitted flight related information more efficiently during the accelerated take-off or decelerated landing states, compared with the uniform flight and baseline states. Finally, we achieved a best average accuracy of 0.86 using the connectivity features in the 80-150 Hz band and 0.89 using the fused features for state decoding.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results open up possibilities for further research into the neural mechanism of avian flight and contribute to the understanding of flight behavior control in birds.},
}

Animals
*Columbidae/physiology
*Flight, Animal/physiology
Support Vector Machine
Gamma Rhythm/physiology
Midbrain Reticular Formation/physiology
Male
Behavior, Animal/physiology
Mesencephalon/physiology

@article {pmid38681960,
year = {2024},
author = {Sarasola-Sanz, A and Ray, AM and Insausti-Delgado, A and Irastorza-Landa, N and Mahmoud, WJ and Brötz, D and Bibián-Nogueras, C and Helmhold, F and Zrenner, C and Ziemann, U and López-Larraz, E and Ramos-Murguialday, A},
title = {A hybrid brain-muscle-machine interface for stroke rehabilitation: Usability and functionality validation in a 2-week intensive intervention.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1330330},
pmid = {38681960},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {Introduction: The primary constraint of non-invasive brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) in stroke rehabilitation lies in the poor spatial resolution of motor intention related neural activity capture. To address this limitation, hybrid brain-muscle-machine interfaces (hBMIs) have been suggested as superior alternatives. These hybrid interfaces incorporate supplementary input data from muscle signals to enhance the accuracy, smoothness and dexterity of rehabilitation device control. Nevertheless, determining the distribution of control between the brain and muscles is a complex task, particularly when applied to exoskeletons with multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs). Here we present a feasibility, usability and functionality study of a bio-inspired hybrid brain-muscle machine interface to continuously control an upper limb exoskeleton with 7 DoFs. Methods: The system implements a hierarchical control strategy that follows the biologically natural motor command pathway from the brain to the muscles. Additionally, it employs an innovative mirror myoelectric decoder, offering patients a reference model to assist them in relearning healthy muscle activation patterns during training. Furthermore, the multi-DoF exoskeleton enables the practice of coordinated arm and hand movements, which may facilitate the early use of the affected arm in daily life activities. In this pilot trial six chronic and severely paralyzed patients controlled the multi-DoF exoskeleton using their brain and muscle activity. The intervention consisted of 2 weeks of hBMI training of functional tasks with the system followed by physiotherapy. Patients' feedback was collected during and after the trial by means of several feedback questionnaires. Assessment sessions comprised clinical scales and neurophysiological measurements, conducted prior to, immediately following the intervention, and at a 2-week follow-up. Results: Patients' feedback indicates a great adoption of the technology and their confidence in its rehabilitation potential. Half of the patients showed improvements in their arm function and 83% improved their hand function. Furthermore, we found improved patterns of muscle activation as well as increased motor evoked potentials after the intervention. Discussion: This underscores the significant potential of bio-inspired interfaces that engage the entire nervous system, spanning from the brain to the muscles, for the rehabilitation of stroke patients, even those who are severely paralyzed and in the chronic phase.},
}

@article {pmid38681523,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, J and Zhao, Y},
title = {Single cocaine exposure attenuates the intrinsic excitability of CRH neurons in the ventral BNST via Sigma-1 receptors.},
journal = {Translational neuroscience},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {20220339},
pmid = {38681523},
issn = {2081-3856},
abstract = {The ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (vBNST) plays a key role in cocaine addiction, especially relapse. However, the direct effects of cocaine on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the vBNST remain unclear. Here, we identify that cocaine exposure can remarkably attenuate the intrinsic excitability of CRH neurons in the vBNST in vitro. Accumulating studies reveal the crucial role of Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) in modulating cocaine addiction. However, to the authors' best knowledge no investigations have explored the role of Sig-1Rs in the vBNST, let alone CRH neurons. Given that cocaine acts as a type of Sig-1Rs agonist, and the dramatic role of Sig-1Rs played in intrinsic excitability of neurons as well as cocaine addiction, we employ BD1063 a canonical Sig-1Rs antagonist to block the effects of cocaine, and significantly recover the excitability of CRH neurons. Together, we suggest that cocaine exposure leads to the firing rate depression of CRH neurons in the vBNST via binding to Sig-1Rs.},
}

@article {pmid38680535,
year = {2024},
author = {Jia, T and Sun, J and McGeady, C and Ji, L and Li, C},
title = {Enhancing Brain-Computer Interface Performance by Incorporating Brain-to-Brain Coupling.},
journal = {Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.)},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {0116},
pmid = {38680535},
issn = {2692-7632},
abstract = {Human cooperation relies on key features of social interaction in order to reach desirable outcomes. Similarly, human-robot interaction may benefit from integration with human-human interaction factors. In this paper, we aim to investigate brain-to-brain coupling during motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) training using eye-contact and hand-touch interaction. Twelve pairs of friends (experimental group) and 10 pairs of strangers (control group) were recruited for MI-based BCI tests concurrent with electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) was estimated to measure cortical activation, and interbrain functional connectivity was assessed using multilevel statistical analysis. Furthermore, we compared BCI classification performance under different social interaction conditions. In the experimental group, greater ERD was found around the contralateral sensorimotor cortex under social interaction conditions compared with MI without any social interaction. Notably, EEG channels with decreased power were mainly distributed around the frontal, central, and occipital regions. A significant increase in interbrain coupling was also found under social interaction conditions. BCI decoding accuracies were significantly improved in the eye contact condition and eye and hand contact condition compared with the no-interaction condition. However, for the strangers' group, no positive effects were observed in comparisons of cortical activations between interaction and no-interaction conditions. These findings indicate that social interaction can improve the neural synchronization between familiar partners with enhanced brain activations and brain-to-brain coupling. This study may provide a novel method for enhancing MI-based BCI performance in conjunction with neural synchronization between users.},
}

@article {pmid38679478,
year = {2024},
author = {Tao, R and Zhao, H and Zhang, C and Xu, S},
title = {Distinct neural dynamics of the observed ostracism effect in decision-making under risk and ambiguity.},
journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhae171},
pmid = {38679478},
issn = {1460-2199},
support = {72171151//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 21ZR1461600//Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai/ ; 2021114003//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; BHA230145//General Education Project of the National Social Science Fund/ ; 23092179-Y//Science Foundation of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University/ ; 2023DSYL028//Academic Mentoring Program of Shanghai International Studies University/ ; 2021WSYS002//Neuroeconomics Laboratory of Guangzhou Huashang College/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Female ; *Decision Making/physiology ; Young Adult ; *Electroencephalography ; *Risk-Taking ; Adult ; Evoked Potentials/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Cues ; },
abstract = {Observational ostracism, as a form of social exclusion, can significantly affect human behavior. However, the effects of observed ostracism on risky and ambiguous decision-making and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This event-related potential study investigated these issues by involving participants in a wheel-of- fortune task, considering observed ostracism and inclusion contexts. The results showed that the cue-P3 component was more enhanced during the choice phase for risky decisions than for ambiguous decisions in the observed inclusion contexts but not in the observed ostracism contexts. During the outcome evaluation phase, feedback-related negativity amplitudes following both risky and ambiguous decisions were higher in the no-gain condition than in the gain condition in the observed inclusion context. In contrast, this effect was only observed following risky decisions in the observed ostracism context. The feedback-P3 component did not exhibit an observed ostracism effect in risky and ambiguous decision-making tasks. Risk levels further modulated the cue-P3 and feedback-related negativity components, while ambiguity levels further modulated the feedback-P3 components. These findings demonstrate a neural dissociation between risk and ambiguity decision-making during observed ostracism that unfolds from the choice phase to the outcome evaluation phase.},
}

Humans
Male
Female
*Decision Making/physiology
Young Adult
*Electroencephalography
*Risk-Taking
Adult
Evoked Potentials/physiology
Brain/physiology
Social Isolation/psychology
Cues

@article {pmid38678941,
year = {2024},
author = {Zong, F and Wang, L and Liu, H and Xue, B and Bai, R and Liu, Y},
title = {A genetic optimisation and iterative reconstruction framework for sparse multi-dimensional diffusion-relaxation correlation MRI.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {175},
number = {},
pages = {108508},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108508},
pmid = {38678941},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {Multi-dimensional diffusion-relaxation correlation (DRC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have recently been developed to investigate tissue microstructures. Sub-voxel tissue heterogeneity is resolved from the local correlation distributions of relaxation time and molecular diffusivity. However, the implementation of these techniques considerably increases the total acquisition time, and simply reducing the scan time may be at the expense of detailed structural resolution. To overcome these limitations, an optimised framework was proposed for acquiring microstructural maps of the human brain on a clinically feasible timescale. First, the acquisition parameters of the multi-dimensional DRC MRI method were sparsely optimised using a genetic algorithm with a fitness function according to the spectral resolution of the correlation map, hardware requirements, and total scan time. Next, the acquired DRC MRI data were processed using a proposed numerical algorithm based on the dynamic inverse Laplace transform (ILT). Prior knowledge from one-dimensional data was then utilised in the iterative procedure to improve the spectral resolution. Finally, the proposed framework was validated using Monte Carlo simulations and experimental data acquired from healthy participants on an MRI scanner. The results demonstrated that the suggested approach is feasible for offering high-resolution DRC maps that correspond to distinct microstructures with a limited amount of optimised acquisition data from two-dimensional DRC sampling space. By significantly reducing scan time while retaining structural resolution, this approach may enable multi-dimensional DRC MRI to be more widely used for quantitative evaluation in biological and medical settings.},
}

@article {pmid38677220,
year = {2024},
author = {Shah, DD and Carter, P and Shivdasani, MN and Fong, N and Duan, W and Esrafilzadeh, D and Poole-Warren, LA and Aregueta Robles, UA},
title = {Deciphering platinum dissolution in neural stimulation electrodes: Electrochemistry or biology?.},
journal = {Biomaterials},
volume = {309},
number = {},
pages = {122575},
doi = {10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122575},
pmid = {38677220},
issn = {1878-5905},
abstract = {Platinum (Pt) is the metal of choice for electrodes in implantable neural prostheses like the cochlear implants, deep brain stimulating devices, and brain-computer interfacing technologies. However, it is well known since the 1970s that Pt dissolution occurs with electrical stimulation. More recent clinical and in vivo studies have shown signs of corrosion in explanted electrode arrays and the presence of Pt-containing particulates in tissue samples. The process of degradation and release of metallic ions and particles can significantly impact on device performance. Moreover, the effects of Pt dissolution products on tissue health and function are still largely unknown. This is due to the highly complex chemistry underlying the dissolution process and the difficulty in decoupling electrical and chemical effects on biological responses. Understanding the mechanisms and effects of Pt dissolution proves challenging as the dissolution process can be influenced by electrical, chemical, physical, and biological factors, all of them highly variable between experimental settings. By evaluating comprehensive findings on Pt dissolution mechanisms reported in the fuel cell field, this review presents a critical analysis of the possible mechanisms that drive Pt dissolution in neural stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Stimulation parameters, such as aggregate charge, charge density, and electrochemical potential can all impact the levels of dissolved Pt. However, chemical factors such as electrolyte types, dissolved gases, and pH can all influence dissolution, confounding the findings of in vitro studies with multiple variables. Biological factors, such as proteins, have been documented to exhibit a mitigating effect on the dissolution process. Other biological factors like cells and fibro-proliferative responses, such as fibrosis and gliosis, impact on electrode properties and are suspected to impact on Pt dissolution. However, the relationship between electrical properties of stimulating electrodes and Pt dissolution remains contentious. Host responses to Pt degradation products are also controversial due to the unknown chemistry of Pt compounds formed and the lack of understanding of Pt distribution in clinical scenarios. The cytotoxicity of Pt produced via electrical stimulation appears similar to Pt-based compounds, including hexachloroplatinates and chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin. While the levels of Pt produced under clinical and acute stimulation regimes were typically an order of magnitude lower than toxic concentrations observed in vitro, further research is needed to accurately assess the mass balance and type of Pt produced during long-term stimulation and its impact on tissue response. Finally, approaches to mitigating the dissolution process are reviewed. A wide variety of approaches, including stimulation strategies, coating electrode materials, and surface modification techniques to avoid excess charge during stimulation and minimise tissue response, may ultimately support long-term and safe operation of neural stimulating devices.},
}

@article {pmid38675259,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Jiang, W and Yang, H and Ye, Y and Zhou, Z and Sun, L and Nie, Y and Tao, TH and Wei, X},
title = {Ultraflexible PEDOT:PSS/IrOx-Modified Electrodes: Applications in Behavioral Modulation and Neural Signal Recording in Mice.},
journal = {Micromachines},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38675259},
issn = {2072-666X},
support = {2019YFA0905200//National Key R & D Program of China/ ; 61974154//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Recent advancements in neural probe technology have become pivotal in both neuroscience research and the clinical management of neurological disorders. State-of-the-art developments have led to the advent of multichannel, high-density bidirectional neural interfaces that are adept at both recording and modulating neuronal activity within the central nervous system. Despite this progress, extant bidirectional probes designed for simultaneous recording and stimulation are beset with limitations, including elicitation of inflammatory responses and insufficient charge injection capacity. In this paper, we delineate the design and application of an innovative ultraflexible bidirectional neural probe engineered from polyimide. This probe is distinguished by its ability to facilitate high-resolution recordings and precise stimulation control in deep brain regions. Electrodes enhanced with a PEDOT:PSS/IrOx composite exhibit a substantial increase in charge storage capacity, escalating from 0.14 ± 0.01 mC/cm[2] to an impressive 24.75 ± 0.18 mC/cm[2]. This augmentation significantly bolsters the electrodes' charge transfer efficacy. In tandem, we observed a notable reduction in electrode impedance, from 3.47 ± 1.77 MΩ to a mere 41.88 ± 4.04 kΩ, while the phase angle exhibited a positive shift from -72.61 ± 1.84° to -34.17 ± 0.42°. To substantiate the electrodes' functional prowess, we conducted in vivo experiments, where the probes were surgically implanted into the bilateral motor cortex of mice. These experiments involved the synchronous recording and meticulous analysis of neural signal fluctuations during stimulation and an assessment of the probes' proficiency in modulating directional turning behaviors in the subjects. The empirical evidence corroborates that targeted stimulation within the bilateral motor cortex of mice can modulate the intensity of neural signals in the stimulated locale, enabling the directional control of the mice's turning behavior to the contralateral side of the stimulation site.},
}

@article {pmid38672024,
year = {2024},
author = {Du, X and Ding, X and Xi, M and Lv, Y and Qiu, S and Liu, Q},
title = {A Data Augmentation Method for Motor Imagery EEG Signals Based on DCGAN-GP Network.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672024},
issn = {2076-3425},
support = {JYTMS20230377//Educational Department of Liaoning Province/ ; },
abstract = {Motor imagery electroencephalography (EEG) signals have garnered attention in brain-computer interface (BCI) research due to their potential in promoting motor rehabilitation and control. However, the limited availability of labeled data poses challenges for training robust classifiers. In this study, we propose a novel data augmentation method utilizing an improved Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (DCGAN-GP) to address this issue. We transformed raw EEG signals into two-dimensional time-frequency maps and employed a DCGAN-GP network to generate synthetic time-frequency representations resembling real data. Validation experiments were conducted on the BCI IV 2b dataset, comparing the performance of classifiers trained with augmented and unaugmented data. Results demonstrated that classifiers trained with synthetic data exhibit enhanced robustness across multiple subjects and achieve higher classification accuracy. Our findings highlight the effectiveness of utilizing a DCGAN-GP-generated synthetic EEG data to improve classifier performance in distinguishing different motor imagery tasks. Thus, the proposed data augmentation method based on a DCGAN-GP offers a promising avenue for enhancing BCI system performance, overcoming data scarcity challenges, and bolstering classifier robustness, thereby providing substantial support for the broader adoption of BCI technology in real-world applications.},
}

@article {pmid38672017,
year = {2024},
author = {Du, X and Wang, X and Zhu, L and Ding, X and Lv, Y and Qiu, S and Liu, Q},
title = {Electroencephalographic Signal Data Augmentation Based on Improved Generative Adversarial Network.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38672017},
issn = {2076-3425},
support = {JYTMS20230377//Liaoning Provincial Education Department/ ; },
abstract = {EEG signals combined with deep learning play an important role in the study of human-computer interaction. However, the limited dataset makes it challenging to study EEG signals using deep learning methods. Inspired by the GAN network in image generation, this paper presents an improved generative adversarial network model L-C-WGAN-GP to generate artificial EEG data to augment training sets and improve the application of BCI in various fields. The generator consists of a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and the discriminator consists of a convolutional neural network (CNN) which uses the gradient penalty-based Wasserstein distance as the loss function in model training. The model can learn the statistical features of EEG signals and generate EEG data that approximate real samples. In addition, the performance of the compressed sensing reconstruction model can be improved by using augmented datasets. Experiments show that, compared with the existing advanced data amplification techniques, the proposed model produces EEG signals closer to the real EEG signals as measured by RMSE, FD and WTD indicators. In addition, in the compressed reconstruction of EEG signals, adding the new data reduces the loss by about 15% compared with the original data, which greatly improves the reconstruction accuracy of the EEG signals' compressed sensing.},
}

@article {pmid38671991,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, M and Yang, L and Wang, Z and Liu, Y and Wan, H and Shang, Z},
title = {Progress of Micro-Stimulation Techniques to Alter Pigeons' Motor Behavior: A Review from the Perspectives of the Neural Basis and Neuro-Devices.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38671991},
issn = {2076-3425},
support = {62301496//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; GZC20232447//National Postdoctoral Researcher Program/ ; 2022ZD0208500//STI 2030-Major Project/ ; 232102210098//Key Scientific and Technological Projects of Henan Province/ ; },
abstract = {Pigeons have natural advantages in robotics research, including a wide range of activities, low energy consumption, good concealment performance, strong long-distance weight bearing and continuous flight ability, excellent navigation, and spatial cognitive ability, etc. They are typical model animals in the field of animal robot research and have important application value. A hot interdisciplinary research topic and the core content of pigeon robot research, altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation involves multiple disciplines including animal ethology, neuroscience, electronic information technology and artificial intelligence technology, etc. In this paper, we review the progress of altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation from the perspectives of the neural basis and neuro-devices. The recent literature on altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation was investigated first. The neural basis, structure and function of a system to alter pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation are briefly introduced below. Furthermore, a classified review was carried out based on the representative research achievements in this field in recent years. Our summary and discussion of the related research progress cover five aspects including the control targets, control parameters, control environment, control objectives, and control system. Future directions that need to be further studied are discussed, and the development trend in altering pigeon motor behavior using brain stimulation is projected.},
}

@article {pmid38671977,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, C and Su, L and Li, S and Fu, Y},
title = {Differential Brain Activation for Four Emotions in VR-2D and VR-3D Modes.},
journal = {Brain sciences},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38671977},
issn = {2076-3425},
support = {62166021//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82172058//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81771926//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Similar to traditional imaging, virtual reality (VR) imagery encompasses nonstereoscopic (VR-2D) and stereoscopic (VR-3D) modes. Currently, Russell's emotional model has been extensively studied in traditional 2D and VR-3D modes, but there is limited comparative research between VR-2D and VR-3D modes. In this study, we investigate whether Russell's emotional model exhibits stronger brain activation states in VR-3D mode compared to VR-2D mode. By designing an experiment covering four emotional categories (high arousal-high pleasure (HAHV), high arousal-low pleasure (HALV), low arousal-low pleasure (LALV), and low arousal-high pleasure (LAHV)), EEG signals were collected from 30 healthy undergraduate and graduate students while watching videos in both VR modes. Initially, power spectral density (PSD) computations revealed distinct brain activation patterns in different emotional states across the two modes, with VR-3D videos inducing significantly higher brainwave energy, primarily in the frontal, temporal, and occipital regions. Subsequently, Differential entropy (DE) feature sets, selected via a dual ten-fold cross-validation Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, demonstrate satisfactory classification accuracy, particularly superior in the VR-3D mode. The paper subsequently presents a deep learning-based EEG emotion recognition framework, adeptly utilizing the frequency, spatial, and temporal information of EEG data to improve recognition accuracy. The contribution of each individual feature to the prediction probabilities is discussed through machine-learning interpretability based on Shapley values. The study reveals notable differences in brain activation states for identical emotions between the two modes, with VR-3D mode showing more pronounced activation.},
}

@article {pmid38671798,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Q and Dong, Y and Gai, Y},
title = {Tactile Location Perception Encoded by Gamma-Band Power.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38671798},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {2217032//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The perception of tactile-stimulation locations is an important function of the human somatosensory system during body movements and its interactions with the surroundings. Previous psychophysical and neurophysiological studies have focused on spatial location perception of the upper body. In this study, we recorded single-trial electroencephalography (EEG) responses evoked by four vibrotactile stimulators placed on the buttocks and thighs while the human subject was sitting in a chair with a cushion.

METHODS: Briefly, 14 human subjects were instructed to sit in a chair for a duration of 1 h or 1 h and 45 min. Two types of cushions were tested with each subject: a foam cushion and an air-cell-based cushion dedicated for wheelchair users to alleviate tissue stress. Vibrotactile stimulations were applied to the sitting interface at the beginning and end of the sitting period. Somatosensory-evoked potentials were obtained using a 32-channel EEG. An artificial neural net was used to predict the tactile locations based on the evoked EEG power.

RESULTS: We found that single-trial beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz) waves can best predict the tactor locations with an accuracy of up to 65%. Female subjects showed the highest performances, while males' sensitivity tended to degrade after the sitting period. A three-way ANOVA analysis indicated that the air-cell cushion maintained location sensitivity better than the foam cushion.

CONCLUSION: Our finding shows that tactile location information is encoded in EEG responses and provides insights on the fundamental mechanisms of the tactile system, as well as applications in brain-computer interfaces that rely on tactile stimulation.},
}

@article {pmid38671769,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Xu, M and Zhang, Y and Ye, S and Chen, Y},
title = {Attention-ProNet: A Prototype Network with Hybrid Attention Mechanisms Applied to Zero Calibration in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation-Based Brain-Computer Interface.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {38671769},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {2023M740171//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 0420239352KF001-07//Talent Grant of Beijing Academy of Science and Technology/ ; },
abstract = {The rapid serial visual presentation-based brain-computer interface (RSVP-BCI) system achieves the recognition of target images by extracting event-related potential (ERP) features from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and then building target classification models. Currently, how to reduce the training and calibration time for classification models across different subjects is a crucial issue in the practical application of RSVP. To address this issue, a zero-calibration (ZC) method termed Attention-ProNet, which involves meta-learning with a prototype network integrating multiple attention mechanisms, was proposed in this study. In particular, multiscale attention mechanisms were used for efficient EEG feature extraction. Furthermore, a hybrid attention mechanism was introduced to enhance model generalization, and attempts were made to incorporate suitable data augmentation and channel selection methods to develop an innovative and high-performance ZC RSVP-BCI decoding model algorithm. The experimental results demonstrated that our method achieved a balance accuracy (BA) of 86.33% in the decoding task for new subjects. Moreover, appropriate channel selection and data augmentation methods further enhanced the performance of the network by affording an additional 2.3% increase in BA. The model generated by the meta-learning prototype network Attention-ProNet, which incorporates multiple attention mechanisms, allows for the efficient and accurate decoding of new subjects without the need for recalibration or retraining.},
}

@article {pmid38671062,
year = {2024},
author = {Angrick, M and Luo, S and Rabbani, Q and Candrea, DN and Shah, S and Milsap, GW and Anderson, WS and Gordon, CR and Rosenblatt, KR and Clawson, L and Tippett, DC and Maragakis, N and Tenore, FV and Fifer, MS and Hermansky, H and Ramsey, NF and Crone, NE},
title = {Online speech synthesis using a chronically implanted brain-computer interface in an individual with ALS.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9617},
pmid = {38671062},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {UH3 NS114439/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; NS114439/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Brain-Computer Interfaces ; *Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology/therapy ; Male ; *Speech/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Electrocorticography ; },
abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) that reconstruct and synthesize speech using brain activity recorded with intracranial electrodes may pave the way toward novel communication interfaces for people who have lost their ability to speak, or who are at high risk of losing this ability, due to neurological disorders. Here, we report online synthesis of intelligible words using a chronically implanted brain-computer interface (BCI) in a man with impaired articulation due to ALS, participating in a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03567213) exploring different strategies for BCI communication. The 3-stage approach reported here relies on recurrent neural networks to identify, decode and synthesize speech from electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals acquired across motor, premotor and somatosensory cortices. We demonstrate a reliable BCI that synthesizes commands freely chosen and spoken by the participant from a vocabulary of 6 keywords previously used for decoding commands to control a communication board. Evaluation of the intelligibility of the synthesized speech indicates that 80% of the words can be correctly recognized by human listeners. Our results show that a speech-impaired individual with ALS can use a chronically implanted BCI to reliably produce synthesized words while preserving the participant's voice profile, and provide further evidence for the stability of ECoG for speech-based BCIs.},
}

Humans
*Brain-Computer Interfaces
*Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/physiopathology/therapy
Male
*Speech/physiology
Middle Aged
Electrodes, Implanted
Electrocorticography

@article {pmid38589428,
year = {2024},
author = {Lotun, S and Lamarche, VM and Matran-Fernandez, A and Sandstrom, GM},
title = {People perceive parasocial relationships to be effective at fulfilling emotional needs.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {8185},
pmid = {38589428},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; Emotions ; Loneliness ; *Emotional Regulation ; Friends ; *Social Media ; },
abstract = {People regularly form one-sided, "parasocial" relationships (PSRs) with targets incapable of returning the sentiment. Past work has shown that people engage with PSRs to support complex psychological needs (e.g., feeling less lonely after watching a favorite movie). However, we do not know how people rate these relationships relative to traditional two-sided relationships in terms of their effectiveness in supporting psychological needs. The current research (Ntotal = 3085) examined how PSRs help people fulfil emotion regulation needs. In Studies 1 and 2, participants felt that both their YouTube creator and non-YouTube creator PSRs were more effective at fulfilling their emotional needs than in-person acquaintances, albeit less effective than close others. In Study 3, people with high self-esteem thought PSRs would be responsive to their needs when their sociometer was activated, just as they do with two-sided relationships.},
}

Humans
Emotions
Loneliness
*Emotional Regulation
Friends
*Social Media

@article {pmid38670338,
year = {2024},
author = {Donlon, JD and McAloon, CG and Mee, JF},
title = {Performance of various interpretations of clinical scoring systems for diagnosis of respiratory disease in dairy calves in a temperate climate using Bayesian latent class analysis.},
journal = {Journal of dairy science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3168/jds.2023-24321},
pmid = {38670338},
issn = {1525-3198},
abstract = {Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) presents a challenge to farmers all over the globe not only because it can have significant impacts on welfare and productivity, but also because diagnosis can prove challenging. Several clinical scoring systems have been developed to aid farmers in making consistent early diagnosis, 2 examples being the Wisconsin (WCS) and the California (CALIF) systems. Neither of these systems were developed in or for use in a temperate environment. As environment may lead to changes in BRD presentation, the weightings and cut offs designed for one environmental presentation of BRD may not be appropriate when used in a temperate climate. Additionally, the interpretation of the scores recorded varies between studies; this may also influence conclusions. Hence, the objective of this work was to investigate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of these tests in a temperate climate and investigate the influence of varying the interpretation on the performance of the WCS. In this prospective study, 98 commercial spring calving dairy farms were recruited (40 randomly, 58 targeted) and visited. Thoracic ultrasound and WCS was performed on 20 randomly sampled calves between 4 and 6 weeks of age on each farm. On a subset of 32 farms, the CALIF score was also undertaken. The data were then used in a hierarchical Bayesian latent class model to estimate the Se and Sp of 5 different interpretations of the Wisconsin clinical score and one interpretation of the California clinical score. In total, 1,936 calves were examined. The Se of the Wisconsin score varied from 0.336 to 0.577 depending on the interpretation used and the Sp varied from 0.943 to 0.977. The Se of the California score was 0.529 (95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI); 0.403, 0.651) and the Sp was 0.903 (95% bci; 0.883, 0.922). In conclusion, the performance of the clinical scores in a temperate environment were similar to previously published work from more extreme climates, however the performance varied widely depending on the score interpretation. Authors should justify their usage of a particular clinical score interpretation to improve clarity in publications.},
}

@article {pmid38669494,
year = {2024},
author = {Heo, SP and Choi, H and Yang, YM},
title = {Novel stability approach using Routh-Hurwitz criterion for brain computer interface applications.},
journal = {Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3233/THC-248002},
pmid = {38669494},
issn = {1878-7401},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The stability criterion approach is very important for estimating precise behavior before or after fabricating brain computer interface system applications.

OBJECTIVE: A novel approach using the Routh-Hurwitz standard criterion method is proposed to easily determine and analyze the stability of brain computer interface system applications. Using this developed approach, we were able to easily test the stability of technical issue using simple programmed codes before or after brain computer interfaces fabrication applications.

METHODS: Using a MATLAB simulation program package, we are able to provide two different special case examples such as a first zero element and a row of zeros to verify the capability of our proposed Routh-Hurwitz method.

RESULTS: The MATLAB simulation program provided efficient Routh-Hurwitz standard criterion results by differentiating the highest coefficients of the s and a.

CONCLUSION: This technical paper explains how to use our proposed new Routh-Hurwitz standard condition to simply ascertain and determine the brain computer interface system stability without customized commercial simulation tools.},
}

@article {pmid38666542,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, P and Liu, J and Yuan, JH and Guo, Y and Wang, S and Zhang, P and Wang, W},
title = {Artificial Funnel Nanochannel Device Emulates Synaptic Behavior.},
journal = {Nano letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05079},
pmid = {38666542},
issn = {1530-6992},
abstract = {Creating artificial synapses that can interact with biological neural systems is critical for developing advanced intelligent systems. However, there are still many difficulties, including device morphology and fluid selection. Based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical System technologies, we utilized two immiscible electrolytes to form a liquid/liquid interface at the tip of a funnel nanochannel, effectively enabling a wafer-level fabrication, interactions between multiple information carriers, and electron-to-chemical signal transitions. The distinctive ionic transport properties successfully achieved a hysteresis in ionic transport, resulting in adjustable multistage conductance gradient and synaptic functions. Notably, the device is similar to biological systems in terms of structure and signal carriers, especially for the low operating voltage (200 mV), which matches the biological neural potential (∼110 mV). This work lays the foundation for realizing the function of iontronics neuromorphic computing at ultralow operating voltages and in-memory computing, which can break the limits of information barriers for brain-machine interfaces.},
}

@article {pmid38666139,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, Y and Pan, Y and Yue, L and Gao, X},
title = {Self-objectification and eating disorders: the psychopathological and neural processes from psychological distortion to psychosomatic illness.},
journal = {Psychoradiology},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {kkae003},
pmid = {38666139},
issn = {2634-4416},
}

@article {pmid38666121,
year = {2023},
author = {Huang, Y and Weng, Y and Lan, L and Zhu, C and Shen, T and Tang, W and Lai, HY},
title = {Insight in obsessive-compulsive disorder: conception, clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, and treatment.},
journal = {Psychoradiology},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {kkad025},
pmid = {38666121},
issn = {2634-4416},
abstract = {Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic disabling disease with often unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has broadened the diagnostic criteria for OCD, acknowledging that some OCD patients may lack insight into their symptoms. Previous studies have demonstrated that insight can impact therapeutic efficacy and prognosis, underscoring its importance in the treatment of mental disorders, including OCD. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in understanding the influence of insight on mental disorders, leading to advancements in related research. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is dearth of comprehensive reviews on the topic of insight in OCD. In this review article, we aim to fill this gap by providing a concise overview of the concept of insight and its multifaceted role in clinical characteristics, neuroimaging mechanisms, and treatment for OCD.},
}

@article {pmid38665897,
year = {2024},
author = {Herbert, C},
title = {Brain-computer interfaces and human factors: the role of language and cultural differences-Still a missing gap?.},
journal = {Frontiers in human neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1305445},
pmid = {38665897},
issn = {1662-5161},
abstract = {Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim at the non-invasive investigation of brain activity for supporting communication and interaction of the users with their environment by means of brain-machine assisted technologies. Despite technological progress and promising research aimed at understanding the influence of human factors on BCI effectiveness, some topics still remain unexplored. The aim of this article is to discuss why it is important to consider the language of the user, its embodied grounding in perception, action and emotions, and its interaction with cultural differences in information processing in future BCI research. Based on evidence from recent studies, it is proposed that detection of language abilities and language training are two main topics of enquiry of future BCI studies to extend communication among vulnerable and healthy BCI users from bench to bedside and real world applications. In addition, cultural differences shape perception, actions, cognition, language and emotions subjectively, behaviorally as well as neuronally. Therefore, BCI applications should consider cultural differences in information processing to develop culture- and language-sensitive BCI applications for different user groups and BCIs, and investigate the linguistic and cultural contexts in which the BCI will be used.},
}

@article {pmid38664240,
year = {2024},
author = {Armocida, D and Garbossa, D and Cofano, F},
title = {Letter: Ethical concerns and scientific communication on neuralink device.},
journal = {Neurosurgical review},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {194},
pmid = {38664240},
issn = {1437-2320},
mesh = {Humans ; },
}

Humans

@article {pmid38663401,
year = {2024},
author = {Ha, LJ and Yeo, HG and Kim, YG and Baek, I and Baeg, E and Lee, YH and Won, J and Jung, Y and Park, J and Jeon, CY and Kim, K and Min, J and Song, Y and Park, JH and Nam, KR and Son, S and Yoo, SBM and Park, SH and Choi, WS and Lim, KS and Choi, JY and Cho, JH and Lee, Y and Choi, HJ},
title = {Hypothalamic neuronal activation in non-human primates drives naturalistic goal-directed eating behavior.},
journal = {Neuron},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.029},
pmid = {38663401},
issn = {1097-4199},
abstract = {Maladaptive feeding behavior is the primary cause of modern obesity. While the causal influence of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) on eating behavior has been established in rodents, there is currently no primate-based evidence available on naturalistic eating behaviors. We investigated the role of LHA GABAergic (LHA[GABA]) neurons in eating using chemogenetics in three macaques. LHA[GABA] neuron activation significantly increased naturalistic goal-directed behaviors and food motivation, predominantly for palatable food. Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy validated chemogenetic activation. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the functional connectivity (FC) between the LHA and frontal areas was increased, while the FC between the frontal cortices was decreased after LHA[GABA] neuron activation. Thus, our study elucidates the role of LHA[GABA] neurons in eating and obesity therapeutics for primates and humans.},
}

@article {pmid38660590,
year = {2024},
author = {Demirezen, G and Taşkaya Temizel, T and Brouwer, AM},
title = {Reproducible machine learning research in mental workload classification using EEG.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroergonomics},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1346794},
pmid = {38660590},
issn = {2673-6195},
abstract = {This study addresses concerns about reproducibility in scientific research, focusing on the use of electroencephalography (EEG) and machine learning to estimate mental workload. We established guidelines for reproducible machine learning research using EEG and used these to assess the current state of reproducibility in mental workload modeling. We first started by summarizing the current state of reproducibility efforts in machine learning and in EEG. Next, we performed a systematic literature review on Scopus, Web of Science, ACM Digital Library, and Pubmed databases to find studies about reproducibility in mental workload prediction using EEG. All of this previous work was used to formulate guidelines, which we structured along the widely recognized Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) framework. By using these guidelines, researchers can ensure transparency and comprehensiveness of their methodologies, therewith enhancing collaboration and knowledge-sharing within the scientific community, and enhancing the reliability, usability and significance of EEG and machine learning techniques in general. A second systematic literature review extracted machine learning studies that used EEG to estimate mental workload. We evaluated the reproducibility status of these studies using our guidelines. We highlight areas studied and overlooked and identify current challenges for reproducibility. Our main findings include limitations on reporting performance on unseen test data, open sharing of data and code, and reporting of resources essential for training and inference processes.},
}

@article {pmid38660227,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, H and Wang, Z and Li, R and Zhao, X and Xu, T and Zhou, T and Hu, H},
title = {A comparative study of stereo-dependent SSVEP targets and their impact on VR-BCI performance.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {1367932},
pmid = {38660227},
issn = {1662-4548},
abstract = {Steady-state visual evoked potential brain-computer interfaces (SSVEP-BCI) have attracted significant attention due to their ease of deployment and high performance in terms of information transfer rate (ITR) and accuracy, making them a promising candidate for integration with consumer electronics devices. However, as SSVEP characteristics are directly associated with visual stimulus attributes, the influence of stereoscopic vision on SSVEP as a critical visual attribute has yet to be fully explored. Meanwhile, the promising combination of virtual reality (VR) devices and BCI applications is hampered by the significant disparity between VR environments and traditional 2D displays. This is not only due to the fact that screen-based SSVEP generally operates under static, stable conditions with simple and unvaried visual stimuli but also because conventional luminance-modulated stimuli can quickly induce visual fatigue. This study attempts to address these research gaps by designing SSVEP paradigms with stereo-related attributes and conducting a comparative analysis with the traditional 2D planar paradigm under the same VR environment. This study proposed two new paradigms: the 3D paradigm and the 3D-Blink paradigm. The 3D paradigm induces SSVEP by modulating the luminance of spherical targets, while the 3D-Blink paradigm employs modulation of the spheres' opacity instead. The results of offline 4-object selection experiments showed that the accuracy of 3D and 2D paradigm was 85.67 and 86.17% with canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and 86.17 and 91.73% with filter bank canonical correlation analysis (FBCCA), which is consistent with the reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of SSVEP harmonics for the 3D paradigm observed in the frequency-domain analysis. The 3D-Blink paradigm achieved 75.00% of detection accuracy and 27.02 bits/min of ITR with 0.8 seconds of stimulus time and task-related component analysis (TRCA) algorithm, demonstrating its effectiveness. These findings demonstrate that the 3D and 3D-Blink paradigms supported by VR can achieve improved user comfort and satisfactory performance, while further algorithmic optimization and feature analysis are required for the stereo-related paradigms. In conclusion, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of binocular stereoscopic vision mechanisms on SSVEP paradigms and promotes the application of SSVEP-BCI in diverse VR environments.},
}

@article {pmid38658998,
year = {2024},
author = {Keough, JR and Irvine, B and Kelly, D and Wrightson, J and Comaduran Marquez, D and Kinney-Lang, E and Kirton, A},
title = {Fatigue in children using motor imagery and P300 brain-computer interfaces.},
journal = {Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {61},
pmid = {38658998},
issn = {1743-0003},
support = {1052360//Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Child ; Male ; Female ; *Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology ; *Electroencephalography ; *Fatigue/physiopathology/psychology ; *Imagination/physiology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Adolescent ; Prospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology offers children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy unique opportunities for communication, environmental exploration, learning, and game play. Research in adults demonstrates a negative impact of fatigue on BCI enjoyment, while effects on BCI performance are variable. To date, there have been no pediatric studies of BCI fatigue. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two different BCI paradigms, motor imagery and visual P300, on the development of self-reported fatigue and an electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of fatigue in typically developing children.

METHODS: Thirty-seven typically-developing school-aged children were recruited to a prospective, crossover study. Participants attended three sessions: (A) motor imagery-BCI, (B) visual P300-BCI, and (C) video viewing (control). The motor imagery task involved an imagined left- or right-hand squeeze. The P300 task involved attending to one square on a 3 × 3 grid during a random single flash sequence. Each paradigm had respective calibration periods and a similar visual counting game. Primary outcomes were self-reported fatigue and the power of the EEG alpha band both collected during resting-state periods pre- and post-task. Self-reported fatigue was measured using a 10-point visual analog scale. EEG alpha band power was calculated as the integrated power spectral density from 8 to 12 Hz of the EEG spectrum.

RESULTS: Thirty-two children completed the protocol (age range 7-16, 63% female). Self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power increased across all sessions (F(1,155) = 33.9, p < 0.001; F = 5.0(1,149), p = 0.027 respectively). No differences in fatigue development were observed between session types. There was no correlation between self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power change. BCI performance varied between participants and paradigms as expected but was not associated with self-reported fatigue or EEG alpha band power.

CONCLUSION: Short periods (30-mintues) of BCI use can increase self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power to a similar degree in children performing motor imagery and P300 BCI paradigms. Performance was not associated with our measures of fatigue; the impact of fatigue on useability and enjoyment is unclear. Our results reflect the variability of fatigue and the BCI experience more broadly in children and warrant further investigation.},
}

Humans
*Brain-Computer Interfaces
Child
Male
Female
*Event-Related Potentials, P300/physiology
*Electroencephalography
*Fatigue/physiopathology/psychology
*Imagination/physiology
Cross-Over Studies
Adolescent
Prospective Studies

@article {pmid38657615,
year = {2024},
author = {Song, M and Gwon, D and Jun, SC and Ahn, M},
title = {Signal alignment for cross-datasets in P300 brain-computer interfaces.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad430d},
pmid = {38657615},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Transfer learning has become an important issue in the brain-computer interface (BCI) field, and studies on subject-to-subject transfer within the same dataset have been performed. However, few studies have been performed on dataset-to-dataset transfer, including paradigm-to-paradigm transfer. In this study, we propose a signal alignment for P300 event-related potential (ERP) signals that is intuitive, simple, computationally less expensive, and can be used for cross-dataset transfer learning. Approach. We proposed a linear signal alignment that uses the P300's latency, amplitude scale, and reverse factor to transform signals. For evaluation, four datasets were introduced (two from conventional P300 Speller BCIs, one from a P300 Speller with face stimuli, and the last from a standard auditory oddball paradigm). Results. Although the standard approach without signal alignment had an average precision score of 25.5%, the approach demonstrated a 35.8% average precision score, and we observed that the number of subjects showing improvement was 36.0% on average. Particularly, we confirmed that the Speller dataset with face stimuli was more comparable with other datasets. Significance. We proposed a simple and intuitive way to align ERP signals that uses the characteristics of ERP signals. The results demonstrated the feasibility of cross-dataset transfer learning even between datasets with different paradigms.},
}

@article {pmid38656638,
year = {2024},
author = {Waisberg, E and Ong, J and Lee, AG},
title = {Correction: Ethical Considerations of Neuralink and Brain-Computer Interfaces.},
journal = {Annals of biomedical engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10439-024-03524-x},
pmid = {38656638},
issn = {1573-9686},
}

@article {pmid38654411,
year = {2024},
author = {Romanchek, BAH and Uetz, G and Scheifele, PM},
title = {Characterization of sound production by the pot-bellied seahorse (Hippocampus abdominalis) during feeding.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.15747},
pmid = {38654411},
issn = {1095-8649},
abstract = {Sound production during feeding by the pot-bellied seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis, was quantified with an observation of clicks (acoustic signal) and snicks (visual behavior). Female, male, and juvenile seahorses had feeding sounds characterized for peak (dominant) frequency (Hz), sound pressure level (SPL), and duration (ms). Subject body size and condition was estimated by standard length (SL, cm), to determine an estimate of body condition index (BCI). An inverse correlation between mean peak frequency (Hz) of clicks and SL was found for females. A negative correlation between peak frequency (Hz) of clicks and a residual BCI was determined for both males and females, suggesting that acoustic signals may contain information regarding fitness.},
}

@article {pmid38654008,
year = {2024},
author = {Łabęcki, M and Nowicka, MM and Wróbel, A and Suffczynski, P},
title = {Frequency-dependent dynamics of steady-state visual evoked potentials under sustained flicker stimulation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9281},
pmid = {38654008},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology ; Humans ; *Photic Stimulation ; Male ; *Electroencephalography ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Visual Cortex/physiology ; },
abstract = {Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) are electroencephalographic signals elicited when the brain is exposed to a visual stimulus with a steady frequency. We analyzed the temporal dynamics of SSVEP during sustained flicker stimulation at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 Hz. We found that the amplitudes of the responses were not stable over time. For a 5 Hz stimulus, the responses progressively increased, while, for higher flicker frequencies, the amplitude increased during the first few seconds and often showed a continuous decline afterward. We hypothesize that these two distinct sets of frequency-dependent SSVEP signal properties reflect the contribution of parvocellular and magnocellular visual pathways generating sustained and transient responses, respectively. These results may have important applications for SSVEP signals used in research and brain-computer interface technology and may contribute to a better understanding of the frequency-dependent temporal mechanisms involved in the processing of prolonged periodic visual stimuli.},
}

*Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology
Humans
*Photic Stimulation
Male
*Electroencephalography
Female
Adult
Young Adult
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Visual Cortex/physiology

@article {pmid38653131,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, Y and Luo, S and Wang, W and Gao, X and Yao, X and Wu, T},
title = {From bench to bedside: Overview of magnetoencephalography in basic principle, signal processing, source localization and clinical applications.},
journal = {NeuroImage. Clinical},
volume = {42},
number = {},
pages = {103608},
doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103608},
pmid = {38653131},
issn = {2213-1582},
abstract = {Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive technique that can precisely capture the dynamic spatiotemporal patterns of the brain by measuring the magnetic fields arising from neuronal activity along the order of milliseconds. Observations of brain dynamics have been used in cognitive neuroscience, the diagnosis of neurological diseases, and the brain-computer interface (BCI). In this study, we outline the basic principle, signal processing, and source localization of MEG, and describe its clinical applications for cognitive assessment, the diagnoses of neurological diseases and mental disorders, preoperative evaluation, and the BCI. This review not only provides an overall perspective of MEG, ranging from practical techniques to clinical applications, but also enhances the prevalent understanding of neural mechanisms. The use of MEG is expected to lead to significant breakthroughs in neuroscience.},
}

@article {pmid38651553,
year = {2024},
author = {Canale, A and Urbanelli, A and Albera, R and Gragnano, M and Bordino, V and Riva, G and Sportoletti Baduel, E and Albera, A},
title = {Binaural hearing in monaural conductive or mixed hearing loss fitted with unilateral Bonebridge.},
journal = {Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale},
volume = {44},
number = {2},
pages = {113-119},
pmid = {38651553},
issn = {1827-675X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural/rehabilitation/surgery ; Adult ; *Hearing Loss, Conductive/rehabilitation/surgery/physiopathology ; *Bone Conduction ; Hearing Aids ; Aged ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefits of binaural hearing rehabilitation in patients with monaural conductive or mixed hearing loss treated with a unilateral bone conduction implant (BCI).

METHODS: This monocentric study includes 7 patients with monaural conductive or mixed hearing loss who underwent surgical implantation of a unilateral BCI (Bonebridge, Med-El). An ITA Matrix test was performed by each patient included in the study - without and with the BCI and in three different settings - to determine the summation effect, squelch effect and head shadow effect. Subjective hearing benefits were assessed using the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) questionnaire.

RESULTS: The difference in signal to noise ratio of patients without and with BCI was 0.79 dB in the summation setting (p < 0.05), 4.62 dB in the head shadow setting (p < 0.05) and 1.53 dB (p = 0.063) in the squelch setting. The APHAB questionnaire revealed a subjective discomfort in the presence of unexpected sounds in patients using a unilateral BCI (aversiveness score) compared to the same environmental situations without BCI, with a mean discomfort score of 69.00% (SD ± 21.24%) with monaural BCI versus 25.67% (SD ± 16.70%) without BCI (difference: -43.33%, p < 0.05). In terms of global score, patients wearing a unilateral Bonebridge implant did not show any significant differences compared to those without hearing aid (difference: -4.00%, p = 0.310).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the use of a unilateral BCI in patients affected by monaural conductive or mixed hearing loss can improve speech perception under noise conditions due to the summation effect and to the decrease of the head shadow effect. However, since monaural BCIs might lead to discomfort under noise conditions in some subjects, a pre-operative assessment of the possible individual benefit of a monaural BCI should be carried out in patients affected by unilateral conductive or mixed hearing loss in order to investigate the possible additional effect of the fitting of hearing aids.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural/rehabilitation/surgery
Adult
*Hearing Loss, Conductive/rehabilitation/surgery/physiopathology
*Bone Conduction
Hearing Aids
Aged

@article {pmid38649681,
year = {2024},
author = {Wimmer, M and Weidinger, N and Veas, E and Müller-Putz, GR},
title = {Multimodal decoding of error processing in a virtual reality flight simulation.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {9221},
pmid = {38649681},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *Virtual Reality ; *Electroencephalography/methods ; *Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Adult ; Male ; *Pupil/physiology ; Female ; Young Adult ; Computer Simulation ; Brain/physiology ; Heart Rate/physiology ; },
abstract = {Technological advances in head-mounted displays (HMDs) facilitate the acquisition of physiological data of the user, such as gaze, pupil size, or heart rate. Still, interactions with such systems can be prone to errors, including unintended behavior or unexpected changes in the presented virtual environments. In this study, we investigated if multimodal physiological data can be used to decode error processing, which has been studied, to date, with brain signals only. We examined the feasibility of decoding errors solely with pupil size data and proposed a hybrid decoding approach combining electroencephalographic (EEG) and pupillometric signals. Moreover, we analyzed if hybrid approaches can improve existing EEG-based classification approaches and focused on setups that offer increased usability for practical applications, such as the presented game-like virtual reality flight simulation. Our results indicate that classifiers trained with pupil size data can decode errors above chance. Moreover, hybrid approaches yielded improved performance compared to EEG-based decoders in setups with a reduced number of channels, which is crucial for many out-of-the-lab scenarios. These findings contribute to the development of hybrid brain-computer interfaces, particularly in combination with wearable devices, which allow for easy acquisition of additional physiological data.},
}

Humans
*Virtual Reality
*Electroencephalography/methods
*Brain-Computer Interfaces
Adult
Male
*Pupil/physiology
Female
Young Adult
Computer Simulation
Brain/physiology
Heart Rate/physiology

@article {pmid38649503,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, X and Lian, J and Yu, Z and Tang, H and Liang, D and Liu, J and Liu, JK},
title = {Revealing the mechanisms of semantic satiation with deep learning models.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {487},
pmid = {38649503},
issn = {2399-3642},
support = {21JR7RA510//Gansu Science and Technology Department (Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province)/ ; 62236007//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 62176003//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 20230484362//Beijing Nova Program/ ; },
abstract = {The phenomenon of semantic satiation, which refers to the loss of meaning of a word or phrase after being repeated many times, is a well-known psychological phenomenon. However, the microscopic neural computational principles responsible for these mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we use a deep learning model of continuous coupled neural networks to investigate the mechanism underlying semantic satiation and precisely describe this process with neuronal components. Our results suggest that, from a mesoscopic perspective, semantic satiation may be a bottom-up process. Unlike existing macroscopic psychological studies that suggest that semantic satiation is a top-down process, our simulations use a similar experimental paradigm as classical psychology experiments and observe similar results. Satiation of semantic objectives, similar to the learning process of our network model used for object recognition, relies on continuous learning and switching between objects. The underlying neural coupling strengthens or weakens satiation. Taken together, both neural and network mechanisms play a role in controlling semantic satiation.},
}

@article {pmid38648783,
year = {2024},
author = {Tankus, A and Rosenberg, N and Ben-Hamo, O and Stern, E and Strauss, I},
title = {Machine learning decoding of single neurons in the thalamus for speech brain-machine interfaces.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad4179},
pmid = {38648783},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Our goal is to decode firing patterns of single neurons in the left ventralis intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus, related to speech production, perception, and imagery. For realistic speech brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), we aim to characterize the amount of thalamic neurons necessary for high accuracy decoding. Approach. We intraoperatively recorded single neuron activity in the left Vim of 8 neurosurgical patients undergoing implantation of deep brain stimulator or RF lesioning during production, perception and imagery of the five monophthongal vowel sounds. We utilized the Spade decoder, a machine learning algorithm that dynamically learns specific features of firing patterns and is based on sparse decomposition of the high dimensional feature space. Main results. Spade outperformed all algorithms compared with, for all three aspects of speech: production, perception and imagery, and obtained accuracies of 100%, 96%, and 92%, respectively (chance level: 20%) based on pooling together neurons across all patients. The accuracy was logarithmic in the amount of neurons for all three aspects of speech. Regardless of the amount of units employed, production gained highest accuracies, whereas perception and imagery equated with each other. Significance. Our research renders single neuron activity in the left Vim a promising source of inputs to BMIs for restoration of speech faculties for locked-in patients or patients with anarthria or dysarthria to allow them to communicate again. Our characterization of how many neurons are necessary to achieve a certain decoding accuracy is of utmost importance for planning BMI implantation. .},
}

@article {pmid38648782,
year = {2024},
author = {Guerreiro Fernandes, FD and Raemaekers, MAH and Freudenburg, ZV and Ramsey, NF},
title = {Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad4178},
pmid = {38648782},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to reinstate lost communication faculties. Results from speech decoding studies indicate that a usable speech BCI based on activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) can be achieved using subdurally implanted electrodes. However, the optimal characteristics for a successful speech implant are largely unknown. We address this topic in a high field blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, by assessing the decodability of spoken words as a function of hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal-axis. Methods: Twelve subjects conducted a 7T fMRI experiment in which they pronounced 6 different pseudo-words over 6 runs. We divided the SMC by hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal axis. Classification was performed on in these SMC areas using multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM). Results: Significant classification was possible from the SMC, but no preference for the left or right hemisphere, nor for the precentral or postcentral gyrus for optimal word classification was detected. Classification while using information from the cortical surface was slightly better than when using information from deep in the central sulcus, and was highest within the ventral 50% of SMC. Confusion matrices where highly similar across the entire SMC. An SVM-searchlight analysis revealed significant classification in the superior temporal gyrus in addition to the SMC. Conclusion: The current results support a unilateral implant using surface electrodes, covering the ventral 50% of the SMC. The added value of depth electrodes is unclear. We did not observe evidence for variations in the qualitative nature of information across SMC. The current results need to be confirmed in paralyzed patients performing attempted speech.},
}

@article {pmid38648781,
year = {2024},
author = {Ikegawa, Y and Fukuma, R and Sugano, H and Oshino, S and Tani, N and Tamura, K and Iimura, Y and Suzuki, H and Yamamoto, S and Fujita, Y and Nishimoto, S and Kishima, H and Yanagisawa, T},
title = {Text and image generation from intracranial electroencephalography using an embedding space for text and images.},
journal = {Journal of neural engineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/ad417a},
pmid = {38648781},
issn = {1741-2552},
abstract = {Invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are promising communication devices for severely paralyzed patients. Recent advances in intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) coupled with natural language processing have enhanced communication speed and accuracy. It should be noted that such a speech BCI uses signals from the motor cortex. However, BCIs based on motor cortical activities may experience signal deterioration in users with motor cortical degenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). An alternative approach to using iEEG of the motor cortex is necessary to support patients with such conditions. Approach: In this study, a multimodal embedding of text and images was used to decode visual semantic information from iEEG signals of the visual cortex to generate text and images. We used contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) embedding to represent images presented to 17 patients implanted with electrodes in the occipital and temporal cortexes. A CLIP image vector was inferred from the high-γ power of the iEEG signals recorded while viewing the images. Main results: Text was generated by CLIPCAP from the inferred CLIP vector with better-than-chance accuracy. Then, an image was created from the generated text using StableDiffusion with significant accuracy. Significance: The text and images generated from iEEG through the CLIP embedding vector can be used for improved communication. .},
}

@article {pmid38648154,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, X and Wang, Z and Wu, D},
title = {Alignment-Based Adversarial Training (ABAT) for Improving the Robustness and Accuracy of EEG-Based BCIs.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TNSRE.2024.3391936},
pmid = {38648154},
issn = {1558-0210},
abstract = {Machine learning has achieved great success in electroencephalogram (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Most existing BCI studies focused on improving the decoding accuracy, with only a few considering the adversarial security. Although many adversarial defense approaches have been proposed in other application domains such as computer vision, previous research showed that their direct extensions to BCIs degrade the classification accuracy on benign samples. This phenomenon greatly affects the applicability of adversarial defense approaches to EEG-based BCIs. To mitigate this problem, we propose alignment-based adversarial training (ABAT), which performs EEG data alignment before adversarial training. Data alignment aligns EEG trials from different domains to reduce their distribution discrepancies, and adversarial training further robustifies the classification boundary. The integration of data alignment and adversarial training can make the trained EEG classifiers simultaneously more accurate and more robust. Experiments on five EEG datasets from two different BCI paradigms (motor imagery classification, and event related potential recognition), three convolutional neural network classifiers (EEGNet, ShallowCNN and DeepCNN) and three different experimental settings (offline within-subject cross-block/-session classification, online cross-session classification, and pre-trained classifiers) demonstrated its effectiveness. It is very intriguing that adversarial attacks, which are usually used to damage BCI systems, can be used in ABAT to simultaneously improve the model accuracy and robustness.},
}